| ²é¿´: 1425 | »Ø¸´: 8 | |||
xiaoruoqiuͳæ (ÕýʽдÊÖ)
|
[ÇóÖú]
Çó¸ßÊÖ·ÒëÒ»¶ÎÓ¢ÎÄ×ÊÁÏ£¨Ó¢ÒëÖУ©
|
|
ÈçÌ⣬Çó¸ßÊÖÖ¸µã¡£ Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 individual constituents and damages most of the organs in the body. Our understanding of the mechanistic relationships between exposure to these individual constituents and the diseases produced by inhalation of whole smoke is incomplete, and efforts to estimate individual disease risks from known constituent levels and toxicity under-predict the level of risk that occurs with smoking . Furthermore, reduction of any one chemical or class of chemicals will not necessarily lead to a reduction in disease risk, and the magnitude of chemical reduction needed to produce a substantive change in disease risk remains uncertain. |
» ²ÂÄãϲ»¶
283Çóµ÷¼Á 086004¿¼Ó¢¶þÊý¶þ
ÒѾÓÐ4È˻ظ´
¸´ÊÔµ÷¼Á
ÒѾÓÐ9È˻ظ´
²ÄÁÏÓ뻯¹¤µ÷¼Á
ÒѾÓÐ35È˻ظ´
µ÷¼ÁÇóÊÕÁô
ÒѾÓÐ10È˻ظ´
Ò»Ö¾Ô¸¹þ¹¤´ó 085600 277 12²Ä¿Æ»ùÇóµ÷¼Á
ÒѾÓÐ18È˻ظ´
0831ÉúÒ½¹¤µÚÒ»ÂÖµ÷¼Áʧ°ÜÇóÖú
ÒѾÓÐ9È˻ظ´
ÉúÎïѧ308Çóµ÷¼Á£¨Ò»Ö¾Ô¸»ª¶«Ê¦´ó£©
ÒѾÓÐ6È˻ظ´
272·Ö²ÄÁÏ×ÓÇóµ÷¼Á
ÒѾÓÐ36È˻ظ´
275Çóµ÷¼Á
ÒѾÓÐ8È˻ظ´
Ò»Ö¾Ô¸211£¬»¯Ñ§Ñ§Ë¶£¬310·Ö£¬±¾¿ÆÖصãË«·Ç£¬Çóµ÷¼Á
ÒѾÓÐ20È˻ظ´
» ±¾Ö÷ÌâÏà¹Ø¼ÛÖµÌùÍÆ¼ö£¬¶ÔÄúͬÑùÓаïÖú:
ÄóöÒ»°ë¼Ò²ú,Çó¸ßÊÖ°ïÎÒµÄÒ»¶ÎÓ¢ÎÄÈóÉ«°¡.лл
ÒѾÓÐ2È˻ظ´
ÇóÓ¢Óï¸ßÊÖ°ïæ·ÒëÕâÒ»¶ÎÓ¢ÓСµÄ²»Ê¤¸Ð¼¤£¬½ð±Ò²»¶à£¬»¹ÇëÔÁÂ
ÒѾÓÐ1È˻ظ´
¼±ÇóÒ»¶ÎÓ¢ÎÄ·Ò룡
ÒѾÓÐ1È˻ظ´
Çó¸ßÊÖ°ÑÏÂÃæµÄÁ½¶ÎÎÄ×Ö·Òë³ÉÓ¢ÓллÁË
ÒѾÓÐ2È˻ظ´
ÇóÖú¸ßÊÖ°ïæ·ÒëһС¶ÎÓ¢ÎÄ£¡£¡£¡
ÒѾÓÐ1È˻ظ´
Çó·ÒëÒ»¶ÎÓ¢ÎÄ
ÒѾÓÐ1È˻ظ´
Çë¸ßÊÖ°ïæ·ÒëÒ»¶Î»° ллÁË£¡ÎÒÓ¢ÓïºÜÀᣡ£
ÒѾÓÐ3È˻ظ´
150½ð±Ò¼±Çó¸ßÊÖ°ïæ·ÒëÒ»¶Î»°£¬ººÒëÓ¢£¬Ð»¾øÈí¼þ·Ò룡
ÒѾÓÐ3È˻ظ´
Çó¸ßÊÖ·ÒëһС¶ÎÓ¢ÎÄ£¡£¡ ÐÂÈËû¶àÉÙ½ð±Ò£¬°ï°ïæÀ²£¡£¡
ÒѾÓÐ1È˻ظ´
Ó¦»¯Ð¡Ë¶¼±Çó¸ßÊÖ·Òë¼òÀú£¨ÖÐÒëÓ¢£©£¬¿É×·¼Ó100½ð±Ò
ÒѾÓÐ7È˻ظ´
ÇóÖú·ÒëÒ»¶ÎÓ¢ÎÄ£¬Ð»Ð»
ÒѾÓÐ4È˻ظ´
Çó¸ßÊÖ°ïæ·ÒëÒ»¶ÎÓ¢ÎÄ£¬ÒªÍ¨Ë³£¬²»Òª¹È¸è·ÒëÖ®ÀàµÄ£¡
ÒѾÓÐ3È˻ظ´
Çó·ÒëÒ»¶ÎÓ¢ÎÄ
ÒѾÓÐ7È˻ظ´
Çó¸ßÊÖ°ïæ·Òë³ÉÓ¢ÎÄ£¬¼±£¬¶àл
ÒѾÓÐ7È˻ظ´
Çó¸ßÊÖ°ïæ¸ÄÒ»ÏÂÓ¢ÎÄÕªÒª
ÒѾÓÐ12È˻ظ´
ÇóÓ¢ÎĸßÊÖ·ÒëÒ»¶Î»°
ÒѾÓÐ3È˻ظ´
Çó¸ßÊÖÓ¢ÎÄ·Òë
ÒѾÓÐ3È˻ظ´
ÇóÖúÒ»¶ÎººÓï·Òë³ÉÓ¢Óï
ÒѾÓÐ1È˻ظ´
liusongcid
½ð³æ (ÕýʽдÊÖ)
- Ó¦Öú: 1 (Ó×¶ùÔ°)
- ½ð±Ò: 1131.4
- É¢½ð: 467
- ºì»¨: 7
- Ìû×Ó: 955
- ÔÚÏß: 344.7Сʱ
- ³æºÅ: 1510253
- ×¢²á: 2011-11-25
- ÐÔ±ð: GG
- רҵ: µç»¯Ñ§
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿Ó¦Öú»ØÌû
¸Ðл²ÎÓ룬ӦÖúÖ¸Êý +1
| ÏãÑÌÖк¬ÓÐ4000¶à¶ÀÁ¢³É·ÖºÍËðº¦ÈËÌåÄÚ´ó²¿·ÖÆ÷¹Ù¡£ÎÒÃÇÀí½âµÄ»úÀí¹ØÓÚ±©Â¶ÓÚÕâЩ¸ö±ð³É·ÖºÍÕû¸öÑÌÎüÈëËù²úÉúµÄ¼²²¡Ö®¼äµÄ¹ØÏµÊDz»ÍêÕûµÄ£¬´ÓÒÑÖªµÄ³É·ÖŨ¶ÈÉý¸ßºÍ¶¾ÐÔ¹À¼Æ¸ö±ð¼²²¡µÄŬÁ¦·çÏÕÔ¤²â·¢ÉúÓëÎüÑ̵ķçÏÕˮƽ·¢Éú¡£´ËÍ⣬ÈκÎÒ»ÖÖ»òÒ»À໯ѧÎïÖʵļõÉÙ²¢²»Ò»¶¨»áµ¼Ö¼²²¡µÄ·çÏÕ¼õÉÙ£¬»¯Ñ§¼õÉٵķù¶ÈÐèÒª²úÉúʵÖÊÐԵı仯£¬¼²²¡µÄ·çÏÕÈÔÈ»²»Ã÷ÀÊ¡£ |

2Â¥2013-04-20 22:27:16
xiaoruoqiu
ͳæ (ÕýʽдÊÖ)
- Ó¦Öú: 1 (Ó×¶ùÔ°)
- ½ð±Ò: 83.4
- É¢½ð: 769
- ºì»¨: 3
- Ìû×Ó: 526
- ÔÚÏß: 541.9Сʱ
- ³æºÅ: 979092
- ×¢²á: 2010-03-22
- ÐÔ±ð: GG
- רҵ: ΢ÉúÎï×ÊÔ´Óë·ÖÀàѧ
3Â¥2013-04-20 22:50:07
Rio2016
ľ³æ (СÓÐÃûÆø)
- Ó¦Öú: 28 (СѧÉú)
- ¹ó±ö: 0.013
- ½ð±Ò: 3301.7
- É¢½ð: 25
- ºì»¨: 6
- Ìû×Ó: 300
- ÔÚÏß: 243.3Сʱ
- ³æºÅ: 1910117
- ×¢²á: 2012-07-25
- רҵ: ¿¹Ö×ÁöÒ©ÎïÒ©Àí
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿Ó¦Öú»ØÌû
¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï
¸Ðл²ÎÓ룬ӦÖúÖ¸Êý +1
xiaoruoqiu: ½ð±Ò+10 2013-04-22 11:25:48
hanches: ½ð±Ò+2, ¸ÐлӦÖú£¬BB½±ÀøÏ£¬»¶Ó³£À´~~~ 2013-04-22 19:14:27
¸Ðл²ÎÓ룬ӦÖúÖ¸Êý +1
xiaoruoqiu: ½ð±Ò+10 2013-04-22 11:25:48
hanches: ½ð±Ò+2, ¸ÐлӦÖú£¬BB½±ÀøÏ£¬»¶Ó³£À´~~~ 2013-04-22 19:14:27
|
Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 individual constituents and damages most of the organs in the body. ÏãÑÌÑÌÎíÖк¬ÓÐ4000¶àÖֳɷ֣¬Ëü»áËðº¦ÈËÌå´ó²¿·ÖÆ÷¹Ù¡£ Our understanding of the mechanistic relationships between exposure to these individual constituents and the diseases produced by inhalation of whole smoke is incomplete, and efforts to estimate individual disease risks from known constituent levels and toxicity under-predict the level of risk that occurs with smoking . ÎÒÃǶԱ©Â¶ÓÚÕâЩµ¥¶À³É·ÖÖкÍͨ¹ýÎüÈëÈ«ÑÌ£¨º¬È«²¿³É·ÖµÄ£©Ëùµ¼Ö¼²²¡Ö®¼äµÄ×÷ÓùØÏµ»¹²»ÍêÈ«Á˽⡣ Furthermore, reduction of any one chemical or class of chemicals will not necessarily lead to a reduction in disease risk, and the magnitude of chemical reduction needed to produce a substantive change in disease risk remains uncertain. ´ËÍ⣬¼õÉÙÒ»ÖÖ»¯ºÏÎï»òÒ»À໯ºÏÎï²¢²»Ò»¶¨ÄܽµµÍ·¢²¡·çÏÕ£¬²¢ÇÒÈÔ²»ÄÜÈ·¶¨¶à´óµÄ»¯ºÏÎï¼õÉÙÁ¿²ÅÄܶԷ¢²¡·çÏÕ²úÉúÒ»¸öʵÖÊÐԵı仯¡£ ˯¾õÁË¡¢¡¢¡¢ |

4Â¥2013-04-20 23:15:38
carrieskl
ľ³æ (ÖøÃûдÊÖ)
- Ó¦Öú: 31 (СѧÉú)
- ½ð±Ò: 3156.3
- É¢½ð: 3
- ºì»¨: 11
- Ìû×Ó: 1037
- ÔÚÏß: 104.9Сʱ
- ³æºÅ: 1541324
- ×¢²á: 2011-12-17
- ÐÔ±ð: MM
- רҵ: ·Ç¸ÐȾÐÔÆ¤·ô²¡
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿Ó¦Öú»ØÌû
¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï
¸Ðл²ÎÓ룬ӦÖúÖ¸Êý +1
xiaoruoqiu: ½ð±Ò+10 2013-04-22 11:25:59
hanches: ½ð±Ò+2, »¶ÓÒ»Æð̽ÌÖÎÊÌâ¹þ~BB½±Àø~ 2013-04-22 19:14:50
¸Ðл²ÎÓ룬ӦÖúÖ¸Êý +1
xiaoruoqiu: ½ð±Ò+10 2013-04-22 11:25:59
hanches: ½ð±Ò+2, »¶ÓÒ»Æð̽ÌÖÎÊÌâ¹þ~BB½±Àø~ 2013-04-22 19:14:50
|
Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 individual constituents and damages most of the organs in the body. ÏãÑÌÑÌÎíÖк¬ÓÐ4000¶àÖÖ»¯Ñ§³É·Ö£¬Õâ¶ÔÈËÌåÖÐµÄ´ó²¿·ÖÆ÷¹Ù¶¼ÓÐÉ˺¦¡£ Our understanding of the mechanistic relationships between exposure to these individual constituents and the diseases produced by inhalation of whole smoke is incomplete, and efforts to estimate individual disease risks from known constituent levels and toxicity under-predict the level of risk that occurs with smoking . ÎÒÃǶԱ©Â¶ÓÚµ¥¶À»¯Ñ§³É·ÖºÍÎüÈëÈ«²¿ÑÌËùµ¼Öµļ²²¡µÄ¹ØÏµµÄÀí½âÉв»ÍêÈ«£¬²¢ÇÒŬÁ¦ÓÃÒÑÖª³É·Öº¬Á¿ºÍ¶¾ÐÔÔ¤²âÎüÑ̵ķçÏÕˮƽÀ´¹À¼Æ¸öÌå¼²²¡·çÏÕ¡££¨ÎÒ×ܾõµÃandºóÃæµÄ¾ä×ÓÓï·¨ÓÐÎÊÌâ¡£¡££© Furthermore, reduction of any one chemical or class of chemicals will not necessarily lead to a reduction in disease risk, and the magnitude of chemical reduction needed to produce a substantive change in disease risk remains uncertain. ´ËÍ⣬¼õÉÙÈÎÒâÒ»ÖÖ»òÒ»À໯ѧÎïÖʶ¼²»Ò»¶¨Äܹ»½µµÍ»¼²¡·çÏÕ£¬²¢ÇÒʹ»¼²¡·çÏÕ·¢ÉúʵÖÊÐԸıäËùÐè¼õÉٵĻ¯Ñ§ÎïÖʵľßÌ庬Á¿Éв»Ã÷È·¡£ |

5Â¥2013-04-20 23:50:01
bondy22
Ìú¸Ëľ³æ (ÖøÃûдÊÖ)
- Ó¦Öú: 96 (³õÖÐÉú)
- ½ð±Ò: 8430.9
- É¢½ð: 239
- ºì»¨: 6
- Ìû×Ó: 2748
- ÔÚÏß: 183.7Сʱ
- ³æºÅ: 237802
- ×¢²á: 2006-04-04
- ÐÔ±ð: GG
- רҵ: »·¾³¹¤³Ì

6Â¥2013-04-20 23:52:14
nwsuafliu
ľ³æ (ÖøÃûдÊÖ)
- SFL-EPI: 1
- Ó¦Öú: 42 (СѧÉú)
- ½ð±Ò: 2406.9
- É¢½ð: 1449
- ºì»¨: 18
- Ìû×Ó: 1437
- ÔÚÏß: 315.6Сʱ
- ³æºÅ: 136928
- ×¢²á: 2005-12-17
- רҵ: ×÷Îï·Ö×ÓÓýÖÖ
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿Ó¦Öú»ØÌû
¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï
¸Ðл²ÎÓ룬ӦÖúÖ¸Êý +1
xiaoruoqiu: ½ð±Ò+10 2013-04-22 11:26:46
hanches: ½ð±Ò+2, »¶ÓÒ»Æð̽ÌÖÎÊÌâ¹þ~BB½±Àø~ 2013-04-22 19:15:08
¸Ðл²ÎÓ룬ӦÖúÖ¸Êý +1
xiaoruoqiu: ½ð±Ò+10 2013-04-22 11:26:46
hanches: ½ð±Ò+2, »¶ÓÒ»Æð̽ÌÖÎÊÌâ¹þ~BB½±Àø~ 2013-04-22 19:15:08
|
µÚ¶þ¾äûÓÐÓï·¨ÎÊÌ⣬ Our understanding of the mechanistic relationships between exposure to these individual constituents and the diseases produced by inhalation of whole smoke is incomplete, and efforts to estimate individual disease risks from known constituent levels and toxicity under-predict the level of risk that occurs with smoking . Ö÷¸ÉΪOur understanding ... is in complete , and efforts ... under-predict the level... ÎÒÃǶԱ©Â¶ÓÚÕâЩµ¥Ò»³É·ÖºÍÎüÈëÈ«ÑÌËùÖ¼²²¡Ö®¼äµÄ»úÀí¹ØÏµÉв»ÍêÈ«Á˽⣬ŬÁ¦¹À¼ÆÒÑÖªµÄ³É·ÖˮƽºÍ¶¾ÐÔÒý·¢¸öÌå¼²²¡µÄ·çÏÕ£¬£¨ÕâÖÖŬÁ¦£©µÍ¹ÀÁËÎüÑÌÒý·¢µÄ·çÏÕˮƽ¡£ |

7Â¥2013-04-21 01:19:43
С²Ý5559
½ð³æ (ÕýʽдÊÖ)
- Ó¦Öú: 25 (СѧÉú)
- ¹ó±ö: 0.01
- ½ð±Ò: 905.6
- É¢½ð: 557
- ºì»¨: 7
- Ìû×Ó: 776
- ÔÚÏß: 105Сʱ
- ³æºÅ: 709303
- ×¢²á: 2009-02-26
- ÐÔ±ð: MM
- רҵ: »¯Ñ§»·¾³ÎÛȾÓ뽡¿µ
¡¾´ð°¸¡¿Ó¦Öú»ØÌû
¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï
¸Ðл²ÎÓ룬ӦÖúÖ¸Êý +1
xiaoruoqiu: ½ð±Ò+20, ¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï×î¼Ñ´ð°¸ 2013-04-22 11:27:02
hanches: ½ð±Ò+2, ºÜÏêϸ£¬Ð»Ð»Ó¦Öú~~~ 2013-04-22 19:15:28
¸Ðл²ÎÓ룬ӦÖúÖ¸Êý +1
xiaoruoqiu: ½ð±Ò+20, ¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï¡ï×î¼Ñ´ð°¸ 2013-04-22 11:27:02
hanches: ½ð±Ò+2, ºÜÏêϸ£¬Ð»Ð»Ó¦Öú~~~ 2013-04-22 19:15:28
|
Cigarette smoke contains more than 4000 individual constituents and damages most of the organs in the body. ÏãÑÌÑÌÎíÖк¬4000¶àÖֳɷ֣¬¿É¶ÔÈËÌåµÄ´ó²¿·ÖÆ÷¹ÙÔì³ÉË𺦡£Our understanding of the mechanistic relationships between exposure to these individual constituents and the diseases produced by inhalation of whole smoke is incomplete, ÎÒÃÇ»¹²»ÊǺÍÃ÷°×ÕâЩµ¥¸ö³É·ÖµÄÉãÈë/ÎüÈëÓëÎüÈëÕû¸öÑÌÎíµ¼Ö¶øµÄ¼²²¡Ö®¼äµÄ»úÖÆ/»úÀí¹ØÏµ and efforts to estimate individual disease risks from known constituent levels and toxicity under-predict the level of risk that occurs with smoking ÄÇôµ±ÊÔ×ÅÓÃÎÒÃÇÒÑÖª³É·ÖµÄŨ¶ÈºÍ¶¾ÐÔÈ¥ÆÀ¼Û£¨ÓÉÎüÈëÕû¸öÑÌÎí¶øÒýÆðµÄ£©Ä³ÖÖ¼²²¡µÄ·çÏÕʱ£¬»áµÍ¹ÀÓÉÎüÈëÕû¸öÑÌÎí¶øÓÕµ¼ÕâÖÖ¼²²¡µÄʵ¼Ê·çÏÕ¡£. Furthermore, reduction of any one chemical or class of chemicals will not necessarily lead to a reduction in disease risk, and the magnitude of chemical reduction needed to produce a substantive change in disease risk remains uncertain. ¶øÇÒ£¬²¢²»ÊǽµµÍ£¨Õû¸öÏãÑÌÑÌÎíÖУ©ÈκÎÒ»ÖÖ»òÕßÈκÎÒ»ÀàµÄ»¯ºÏÎï¶¼»á½µµÍÆä£¨¼´£ºÎüÈëÕû¸öÑÌÎí£©ÓÕµ¼¼²²¡µÄ·çÏÕ£¬²¢ÇÒÐèÒª´ïµ½ÄÜ´ó·ù¶ÈµØ½µµÍij¼²²¡·çÏÕµÄÄ¿µÄ£¬ËùÐèÒª½µµÍµÄijÖÖ»¯ºÏÎïÐèµÄÁ¿Ò²»¹²»È·¶¨¡£ µÚ¶þ¾äÖ÷ÒªÊÇÔÚ½²Ò»¸ö mixture toxicityµÄÎÊÌâ £¨ÎÒµ±Ê±Ñ§principle of toxicityʱºòºÜÏêϸѧ¹ý£©£¬¾ÍÊÇ˵²»ÄÜÓõ¥¸ö»òÕßij¼¸¸ö³É·ÖµÄŨ¶ÈºÍ¶¾ÐÔÈ¥ÆÀ¼ÛÕû¸ömixtureÒý·¢¼²²¡µÄΣÏÕ¡£ÎÒ×Ô¼ººÜÇå³þµÄÖªµÀÕâ¶Î»°ÔÚ˵ʲô£¬µ«ÊDz»È·¶¨ÎÒ·ÒëÇå³þÁËô¡£¡£ÖªµÀ·ÒëÓõÄ×ÖÊý¶àÁË£¬Ö»ÊÇÏ뾡Á¦µØËµÃ÷°× |

8Â¥2013-04-22 06:52:53
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
9Â¥2013-04-23 15:03:51













»Ø¸´´ËÂ¥

5