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The Beanlands and Duinker (1983, 1984) proposals have been widely cited in both scientific and practitioner literatures in Canada and abroad, and in innumerable EIAs. The claim in almost every EIA that cites the work is that  the EIA follows the suggestions on implementation of stronger ecological science. No doubt there have been substantial improvements in the scientific basis for EIA over the past couple of decades, but to our knowledge no one has undertaken the empirical research to confirm this. However, our professional observations over the past quarter century of EIA practice in Canada suggest that implementation still lags significantly behind the ideal. We observe ongoing weaknesses in scoping (Mulvihill and Jacobs, 1998; Mulvihill, 2003), time and space bounding (Duinker and  Baskerville, 1986), effects experimentation (Walters and Holling, 1990), impact prediction (Culhane  etal, 1987), monitoring and follow-up (Morrison-Saunders and Arts, 2004), and adaptive management (Duinker and Trevisan, 2003).
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Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

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