Reporter: Xing Zheming 丨 CCTV.com
12-04-2015 12:56 BJT
Every autumn, farmers in many parts of China burn their crop stalks after the harvest, causing air pollution across the country. Experts and businesses in the northeastern province of Jilin are trying to solve the problem by making full use of the agricultural waste.

In early November, air pollutants covered about half a million square kilometers of land in northeast China. That is about the size of France.

"We have gathered air samples since 2013 and our analysis show that about 20 to 40 percent of air pollution come from stalks burning. We are sure that stalks burning is the main reason that triggers massive pollution in autumn," said Chen Weiwei, associate professor of Northeast Inst. of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In Jilin Province alone, more than 40 million tons of stalks are produced every year. The stalks are useless to farmers except for feeding to cattle and pigs.

Burning the crop stalks waste after harvest is the easiest way for farmers, and they have been doing this for hundreds of years. It is too costly to simply forbid them from burning the stalks. What needs to be done is to find an alternative way to get rid of this massive amount of agricultural waste.

Veteran agricultural technician Wang Guiman has found a special crop rotation plan that allows part of the stalks to be left in the fields. Wang says that method can reduce stalks burning, as well as produce organic fertilizer and keep more rain and snow water in the ground. He said the method has been widely accepted in Lishu county.

Meanwhile, some companies wants to turn the stalks into biofuel and take the opportunity to modernize local farms. We visited New Tianlong, one of China's largest corn refinery plants.

The company signed a technology licensing agreement with DuPont to better use leftover biomass on Jilin's corn farms. The two companies plan to build China's largest cellulosic ethanol manufacturing plant in Sipingn City.

"Once the plant is completed, it will produce 82,000 tons of cellulosic ethanol every year to replace 100,000 tons of petroleum. The plant can consume about 40 percent of all stalks annually produced in Lishu county," said Sun Guojing, general manager of Jilin New Tianlong Industry Co. Ltd.

A 100-million-yuan-market for stalks collection and sales will be created. Farmers can earn money by selling their stalks, instead of burning them.

"This project provides an unprecedented opportunity to transform China's agricultural sector and improve the economy of major agricultural provinces. It also has an indelible role in reducing greenhouse gas emission," said Wang Jianping, business leader of Dupont Industrial Biosciences Greater China.

The plant would not be a simple duplicate of the one in US, as there are different challenges ahead. For example, the plant needs to sign contracts with 200,000 farmers to collect the stalks, way more than just 500 farm owners for the same amount of stalks in the US.

Wang Jianping of Dupont says he hopes that all stakeholders in the value chain can work together to build up China's biofuel sector. Wang says that will require time and determination.

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