Kugelrohr Distillation
The kugelrohr (which literally translate from German as "ball pipe") is an apparatus for quickly distilling large quantities of high-boiling liquids or low-melting solids under full vacuum.  The material to be purified is placed in a round-bottomed flask, to which is attached a receiver bulb, which is a flask with a joint in its bottom:   the outer joint is attached to a vacuum pump (click photo for larger size).  The setup is rotated back and forth by a motor like one that drives windshield wipers, and the flask is heated in an oven.  At the b.p. of the substance, its vapors exit the over, and condense in the receiver, cooled by air.  It's fast, and can purify hundreds of grams at one time.
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[ Last edited by gauss_ren on 2008-7-20 at 13:30 ]，

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在kugelrohr蒸馏中，通常使用短程蒸馏设备（一般与高真空结合），以蒸馏高沸点（> 300 °C）的化合物。该设备包括一个放置被蒸馏的化合物的炉子，一个处于炉子外的接收部分以及样品旋转设备。一般使用高真空泵来产生真空。

反应蒸馏的过程涉及到用作反应釜的蒸馏釜。在这一过程中，反应产物的沸点比反应物沸点低得多。产物由反应物形成的同时，就被汽化并从反应混合物中去除。该技术是连续式蒸馏与间歇式蒸馏相对的例子。优点包括：给反应釜内添加原料的停工时间少；工作量小。