24小时热门版块排行榜    

查看: 3559  |  回复: 32

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

[交流] 要精通英语,关键是理清语句架构 已有18人参与

如题。“理清语句架构”,具体地说,就是清晰分隔开复杂句中的各个“语义单元”。
“语义单元”是语句中的最小单位,在说话及阅读中,人本能地把它做为一个整体加以处理。
所谓的“语感”,其中的核心,就是对这种“语义单元”的本能但清晰的感受。
例如以下,为历年研究生入学试题(我随手在网上找的)。其中的“█”分隔开各个语义单元,使得句子结构清晰化。

  1. The existence of the giant clouds █was virtually required █for the Big Bang, █first put forward in the 1920s, █to maintain its reign █as the dominant explanation █of the cosmos.

  2. Astrophysicists █working with █ground based detectors █at the South Pole █and balloon borne instruments █are closing in █on such structures, █and may report their findings soon.

  3. Unlike most of the volcanoes in the world, █they are not always found █at the boundaries of the great drifting plates █that make up the earth's surface;█ on the contrary, many of them lie deep █in the interior of a plate.

  4. The complementary coastlines █and certain geological features █that seem to span the ocean █are reminders of █where the two continents were once joined.

  5. If the small hot spots █look █as expected, █that will be a triumph █for yet another scientific idea, █a refinement of the Big Bang █called █the inflationary universe theory.

  6. Odd though █it sounds, █cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence █of some respected ideas █in elementary particle physics, █and many astrophysicists have been convinced █for the better part of a decade █that it is true.
回复此楼
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖
回帖置顶 ( 共有11个 )

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

will_: 回帖置顶 2016-03-30 10:01:48
再举个例子(我阅读时随手分割的,不保证绝对合理):
This Is Why █We Close Our Eyes █When We Kiss

A scientific study █about our senses █of touch and sight █might explain a lot █about our unconscious make-out habits, █even if █that's not necessarily █what it set out █to do. For their study, █published last week █in the Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, █University of London researchers Sandra Murphy and Polly Dalton █did not make █a bunch of their test subjects █kiss each other █in a lab. They did, however, find out █why █we close our eyes █when we want to focus █on another sense; █including touch.
Subjects were asked █to pay attention to a screen █with flashing letters. Then, they were asked █to indicate █whether █they saw the letter X or N █and whether █they felt a vibration █sent to their left or right hand █while watching █for the letters. When they were presented █with a "high" visual load (a lot of confusing letters █to make the visual task █more difficult), they were significantly less likely █to detect the vibration █than when █they had a lower visual load. What █this finding means █is █that an increase in visual stimuli █makes you less sensitive █to touch.
But what about █the kissing thing? "These results could explain █why █we close our eyes █when we want to focus attention █on another sense," Dalton told The Independent. We assume █the opposite might be true █if you're on a bad date; █keeping your eyes open █and looking around █at the scenery █could help you █take your mind █off a terrible kiss.
2楼2016-03-28 18:36:45
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

will_: 回帖置顶 2016-03-30 10:01:57
又是几个历年研究生入学试题(随手划分,不确保准确。英文内容来自网络):
1. This is no █flash in the pan; █over █the past couple of years, █inflation has been █consistently lower █than expected █in Britain and America.

2. Economists have been █particularly surprised █by favourable inflation figures █in Britain and the United States,█since █conventional measures suggest █that both economies,█and especially America's,█have little productive slack.

3. The most thrilling explanation is,█unfortunately,█a little defective. Some economists argue █that powerful structural changes █in the world █have upended █the old economic models █that were based █upon the historical link █between growth and inflation.

4. “Is this █what you intended █to accomplish █with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked █Time Warner executives █last week. “You have sold your souls,█but must you █corrupt our nation █and threaten our children █as well?”

5. It's a self-examination █that has, █at various times, █involved issues of █responsibility, █creative freedom █and the corporate bottom line.

6. In 1992, █when Time Warner was under fire █for releasing █Ice-T's violent rap song █Cop Killer, █Levin described rap █as lawful expression █of street culture, █which deserves an outlet.
5楼2016-03-29 07:15:35
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

will_: 回帖置顶 2016-03-30 09:57:32
will_: 取消置顶 2016-03-30 10:01:42
will_: 回帖置顶 2016-03-30 10:02:16
这种方法,不同于语法。它比语法简单得多,但更接近语言的本质、更实用。随手一个例子:
Last a month, █a video █surfaced online █of one of Russia’s more advanced tanks █facing █off against █a small team █of Syrian rebels █armed with █a U.S.-made anti-tank missile █in the suburbs of Aleppo.
8楼2016-03-29 11:05:33
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

will_: 回帖置顶 2016-03-30 10:03:17
我使用“语义单元”之表达,是基于如此背景:语言是一种动作思维,“语义单元”是其最小单位。五岁孩子说出复杂语句,就是以“语义单元”为最小“砖块”、而进行的“搭建积木”活动。
11楼2016-03-30 09:46:25
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

will_: 回帖置顶 2016-03-30 10:03:18
所以,我所说的“语义单元”,是人的心理中(语言本能中)中的一个“情结”,它有别于语言学中的相似概念。
12楼2016-03-30 09:46:45
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

will_: 回帖置顶 2016-03-31 08:25:52
学习第二外语的,是“人”,不是“鹦鹉”,也不是“AlphaGo”。
16楼2016-03-30 11:46:52
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

will_: 回帖置顶 2016-03-31 08:25:55
这个关键,一方面涉及语言的客观性(清晰的逻辑结构),另一方面涉及语言学习者的主体性:人的“思维单元”(或“心理单元”)不是“逻辑要素”、而是“心理情结”。
18楼2016-03-31 05:36:54
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

will_: 回帖置顶 2016-03-31 10:38:31
引用回帖:
19楼: Originally posted by agar at 2016-03-31 08:18:05
感觉英语就像是我们说话时一句话说出去了觉得意犹未尽或漏掉了什么,接着在后面追加着往上再补充,补充,定语或状语或两个一起来,要是还觉得意犹未尽,或者补充的东西本身又需要被补充了,补充的的补充。。。,于是 ...

这正是英语的一个优点:清晰区别开语句的主干架构成分与附属成分。正是由于这种优点,使得英语能够构建冗长得吓人的“变态句子”。
英语之所以有此优点,是由于它的“语义单元”的稳定,从而能够利用它们,搭建出巨大的“积木”建构。
20楼2016-03-31 08:32:47
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

will_: 回帖置顶 2016-03-31 10:38:37
承蒙楼上的提醒,我刚刚看了一点“杨鹏的难句分析”。结论是:我的处理方法,比他的好多了。
对语言的纯粹逻辑结构分析,适合于“AlphaGo”。
对“语言情结”的分析,才适合于人。
22楼2016-03-31 10:31:32
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

will_: 回帖置顶 2016-03-31 15:07:18
举一个杨鹏所称“难度. . .堪称登峰造极”的例子:
(This is )A desire █to throw █over reality █a light █that never was might █give away abruptly █to the desire █on the part of █what we might consider █a novelist-scientist █to record █exactly and concretely █the structure and texture █of a flower .
【大款大的注释:“never was might”应当是病句,原因是,网上搜出的几乎都是中文网中的】
【来自网络的杨鹏的译文:(这是一种)照亮现实的欲望,此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望,后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。】
23楼2016-03-31 10:42:21
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

will_: 回帖置顶 2016-04-01 16:51:56
再来几个高难语句的例子(在网上,能搜索到中译及分析):
1. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement █about her intentions █in writing Mrs. Dalloway █has regularly been ignored █by the critics,█since it highlights █an aspect █of her literary interests █very different █from the traditional picture █of the "poetic" novelist █concerned with █examining states █of reverie and vision █and with following the intricate pathways █of individual consciousness.
2. Such variations █in size, shape,chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold,and the like █as had been demonstrated █in nerve cells █remained negligible █in significance █for any  possible correlation █with the manifold dimensions █of mental experience.
3. It was possible █to demonstrate █by other methods █refined structural differences █among neuron types ; █however , █proof was lacking █that the quality █of the impulse █or its condition █was influenced █by these differences , █which seemed instead █to influence the developmental patterning █of the neural circuits .
4. Thus,█for instance,█it may come █as a shock █to mathematicians █to learn █that the Schrodinger equation █for the hydrogen atom █is not a literally correct description █of this atom,█but only an approximation █to a somewhat more correct equation █taking account of █spin,magnetic dipole,and relativistic effects;█and that █this corrected equation █is itself only █an imperfect approximation █to an infinite set █of quantum field-theoretical equations.
5. The physicist rightly dreads █precise argument,█since █an argument █that is convincing █only if █it is precise █loses all its force █if the assumptions █on which it is based █are slightly changed,█whereas an argument █that is convincing █though imprecise █may well be stable █under small perturbations █of its underlying assumptions.
25楼2016-04-01 09:50:52
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖
回帖支持 ( 显示支持度最高的前 50 名 )

dxghb123456

铜虫 (小有名气)


小木虫: 金币+0.5, 给个红包,谢谢回帖
也就是语法学得好,

发自小木虫Android客户端
7楼2016-03-29 10:07:38
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

自己的证明

金虫 (小有名气)


小木虫: 金币+0.5, 给个红包,谢谢回帖
引用回帖:
9楼: Originally posted by cd030102 at 2016-03-29 12:38:25
这样是错的

表示赞同,一个句子的语法结构才是核心,一个句子的基本框架就是主+谓或主+谓+表或主+谓+宾,然后其他的都只起到要么修饰形容,要么就是补充说明的作用。我觉得还是得从英语的句法结构来,才能更清晰明确的

发自小木虫Android客户端
14楼2016-03-30 10:25:41
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

大款大

木虫 (小有名气)

引用回帖:
30楼: Originally posted by KYAN2015 at 2016-04-01 17:23:50
能不能给个Word文件可以下载下来看de?

附件中,是我的草稿。是来自网上的内容,有中译文及分析,我在其中添加了分隔符“█”,而且只处理了约一半。

» 本帖附件资源列表

  • 欢迎监督和反馈:小木虫仅提供交流平台,不对该内容负责。
    本内容由用户自主发布,如果其内容涉及到知识产权问题,其责任在于用户本人,如对版权有异议,请联系邮箱:xiaomuchong@tal.com
  • 附件 1 : 杨鹏的难句分析(XDF推荐参考).txt
  • 2016-04-01 17:29:16, 76.53 K
31楼2016-04-01 17:29:47
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖
普通回帖

952320258

金虫 (正式写手)

有准备,才能有收获
3楼2016-03-29 01:33:18
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

fangyan911

铁虫 (小有名气)

研究生入学试题
开心上班
4楼2016-03-29 03:12:00
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

北江南岸

木虫 (正式写手)

呆呆虫


小木虫: 金币+0.5, 给个红包,谢谢回帖
作为分析英文语义的方法,的确很好!
6楼2016-03-29 09:50:22
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

cd030102

至尊木虫 (著名写手)

这样是错的
9楼2016-03-29 12:38:25
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖

jxguo

铁杆木虫 (职业作家)


小木虫: 金币+0.5, 给个红包,谢谢回帖
请问,语义单元 与 义群有何区别 ? 如何把 “语义单元” 地道的、习惯性的、流畅的、逻辑结构的表达成语句 ? 真的搞不清楚 !!!
那山,那水,那片云!
10楼2016-03-30 09:31:24
已阅   回复此楼   关注TA 给TA发消息 送TA红花 TA的回帖
相关版块跳转 我要订阅楼主 大款大 的主题更新
普通表情 高级回复 (可上传附件)
信息提示
请填处理意见