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A kitchen blender (Brown Multiquick 5550 M CA) was used for mixing..All cement pastes were prepared by weighting 300 g of cement into the mixing bowl and by adding 105 g of water or wateradmixture solution (0.05%, 010%, 0.15%, and 0.20% of cement weight). The mixing procedure was set to 60 s of mixing at stage 6, 30 s scraping the paste off the walls of the bowl by hand and then again 60 s of mixing at the same stage. A Paar Physica MCR 300 rheometer with concentric cylindrical geometry was used for these experiments. The rotating bob was serrated with 100 lm deep vertical lines. The gap between the rotating bob and the cylindrical beaker was 1.13 mm with a ratio between outer and inner cylinder of 1.08. The temperature of the cement paste was controlled by a water bath and kept at 20 C. After blending, the cement paste was transferred into the measurement beaker by a spoon. Then, the measuring system with a rotating bob was lowered to measuring position and the beaker was covered with a solvent trap to protect the sample from water evaporation. The measurements were taken 5, 30, and 60 min after blending performing 1 min pre-shearing at a shear rate of 100 s1 in order to break particle agglomerates. Afterwards, a flow curve with shear rates between 100 and 0.1 s1 was recorded using a ramp time of 5 s in the shear rate range of 100¨C1 s1 and of 10 s for shear rates below 1 s1. Apparent yield stress and plastic viscosity were calculated using the Bingham model |
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