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Developing infant milk fat similar to human milk fat (HMF) is of great interest and a challenge to food processors. In most vegetable oils used for infant milk fat production, the sn-1,3 positions of the TAGs are occupied mainly by saturated fatty acids, while in human milk these positions contain mainly unsaturated fatty acids . The location of saturated fatty acids especially palmitic acid at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols (TAGs) increases the efficiency of absorption of fatty acids from the lumen and also decreases calcium loss in infants . Unlike vegetable oils, HMF contains about 40¨C60% palmitic acid at the sn-2 position of the TAGs¡£ Structured lipids (SLs) containing similar fatty acid structure as HMF can be produced by interesterification reactions using an sn-1,3-specific lipase that gives high selectivity and mimics the natural pathways of metabolic processes . Preliminary studies in our laboratory have revealed that enzymatic interesterification of tripalmitin with a vegetable oil blend containing coconut, safflower and soybean oils, using lipozyme RM IM as a biocatalyst, can be successful in the production of SL that mimic the fatty acid composition and structure of HMF. Safflower and soybean oils are two sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids that together with coconut oil, produces an acceptable combination of fat that can be employed in infant milk fat formulation . Furthermore, HMF contains small amounts of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), and the fortification of infant milk with these LCPUFAs by addition of fish oil is becoming increasingly popular for additional health benefits . However, the successful production of SLs for infant milk formulation can be impeded by their high susceptibility to oxidative deterioration. SLs or infant milks produced with lipids containing unsaturated fatty acids can deteriorate during storage and produce off-flavors and odors characteristic of oxidation . Furthermore, the production process for SLs increases free fatty acids (FFA) concentration, which is also responsible for off-flavor development . A high concentration of FFA in infant milk induces a rancid and bitter taste that is unacceptable. Also, unsaturated fatty acids in infant milk fat can be oxidized into hydroperoxides (primary oxidation products), which can then be rapidly decomposed to secondary oxidation products such as alkanes, alkenes, aldehydes, and ketones . Oxidative deterioration and high FFA concentration can alter the nutritional quality of SLs and render infant milks containing these lipids potentially toxic and unacceptable to consumers . Oxidation stability of structured lipids intended for infant milk formulation, provides insight on the acceptability of these milks for consumption. This paper therefore aims to characterize and study the oxidative stability of SLs intended as infant milk fat analogs. |
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