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Formation and Control of Foam in Activated Sludge Process
Ding Feng et al
Abstract£ºThe researches on the formation mechanism,influence factor and hazards of foam problem in activated sludge process have shown,that it is mainly caused by excess growth of Nocardia amarae,Nocardia pinensis,Microthrix parvicella and Actinomycetes and intently related to the circumstance factors such as the temperature,pH value,F/M ratio,the kinds of benthonic substances and the operating conditions of the activated sludge system.The foam control measures like the MCRT control and bio-selection,SFW technology,classified selector and chemical dosage have been developed on the basis of kinetic of activated sludge and the theory and practice of sludge bulking.¡ø
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£Û25£ÝÖÜÀû£¬ÅíÓÀÕ飬µÈ.˿״¾úÎÛÄàÅòÕ͵ÄÓ°ÏìÒòËØÓë¿ØÖÆ.»·¾³¿Æѧ½øÕ¹£¬1999£¬7(2)£º88¡«93
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¡¡¡¡Í¼4 Nocardia amaraeºÍMicrothrix parvicella[6]
¡¡¡¡Figure 4. Nocardia amarae and Microthrix parvicella[6]
¡¡¡¡Ñо¿±íÃ÷£¬Ë¿×´¾úµÈ΢ÉúÎïϸ°û±íÃæµÄÊèË®ÐÔ»òÔ÷Ë®ÐÔ£¨cell surface hydrophobicity, CSH£©ÊÇÐγÉÉúÎïÅÝIJ¢Ê¹Ö®Îȶ¨µÄÖØÒªÔÒò¡£Helen Stratton£¨1998£©µÈ´ÓÉúÎïÅÝÄÖзÖÀë³önocardiform¼°Rhodococcus rhodochrousµÈ¾úÖÖ£¬¶Ôϸ°û±íÃæù¾úËá³É·Ö(mycolic acid content)£¬
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¡¡¡¡Table 1. Main bacteria involved in foams forming
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¾úÖÖÃû³Æ ¡¡¡¡
¸ïÀ¼ÊÏÐÔ ¡¡¡¡
ÖÖÊôºÍÐÎ̬
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1 ¡¡¡¡
Nocardia amarae ¡¡¡¡
G+ ¡¡¡¡
·ÅÏß¾ú(actinomycete)£¬Ö¦×´¾úË¿
¡¡¡¡
2 ¡¡¡¡
Nocardia pinesis ¡¡¡¡
G+ ¡¡¡¡
·ÅÏß¾ú,ËÉ֦״
¡¡¡¡
3 ¡¡¡¡
Rhodococcus sp. ¡¡¡¡
G+ ¡¡¡¡
·ÅÏß¾ú,֦״¾úË¿
¡¡¡¡
4 ¡¡¡¡
Microthrix parvicella ¡¡¡¡
G+ ¡¡¡¡
˿״¾ú(filament)£¬ÎÞÇÊÎÞ·ÖÖ¦£¬Ë¿×´
¡¡¡¡
5 ¡¡¡¡
Eikelboom Type0092 ¡¡¡¡
G- ¡¡¡¡
F-C-BÃÅ£¬Ë¿×´¾ú
¡¡¡¡
6 ¡¡¡¡
Eikelboom Type0411 ¡¡¡¡
G- ¡¡¡¡
F-C-BÃÅ£¬Ë¿×´¾ú
¡¡¡¡
7 ¡¡¡¡
Eikelboom Type1863 ¡¡¡¡
G- ¡¡¡¡
F-C-BÃÅ, ÀàProteobacteria,˿״¾ú
¡¡¡¡
8 ¡¡¡¡
Eikelboom Type0803 ¡¡¡¡
G- ¡¡¡¡
F-C-BÃÅ, ÀàProteobacteria,˿״¾ú
¡¡¡¡×¢£ºF-C-BÃűíʾFlexibacter-Cytophaga-Bacteroides phylum.
¡¡¡¡ÒÔ¼°Ï¸°û±íÃæÊèË®ÐÔ(CSH)ÓëÐγÉÎȶ¨ÉúÎïÅÝÄÄÜÁ¦Ö®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ½øÐÐÁËÑо¿£¬½á¹û±íÃ÷£ºÃ¹Ëá¾ú³É·Ö²¢²»ÊÇÐγÉCSHµÄΨһÔÒò£¬CSHÒ²²»ÊÇÉú³ÉÉúÎïÅÝIJ¢Ê¹Ö®Îȶ¨µÄΨһÒòËØ¡£CSHËæ×Å΢ÉúÎïµÄÅàÑøÖÜÆÚ£¬ÒÔ¼°ÆäËüÌõ¼þ£¬ÈçÉú³¤Î¶ȡ¢Ì¼Ô´µÈµÄ±ä»¯¶ø¸Ä±ä£»Rhodococcus rhodochrousÖÐùËá¾ú³É·ÖÒ²»áËæ×ÅÅàÑøÖÜÆÚ¡¢Î¶ÈÒÔ¼°Ì¼Ô´µÈÌõ¼þµÄ±ä»¯¶ø·¢Éú¸Ä±ä£»nocardiformϸ°û±íÃæµÄùËá¾ú³É·Ö¶ÔÆäCSHµÄÓ°Ïì²»´ó[7]¡£
¡¡¡¡D.Mamais(1998)µÈÈÏΪ£¬³¤Á´Ö¬·¾ËᣨÂýËÙÉúÎï½µ½âCOD£©ºÍµÍλ·¾³ÊÇÍѵª»îÐÔÎÛÄàϵͳÖÐMicrothrix parvicellaÉú³¤µÄÖ÷ÒªÔÒò£¬ÐõÄýÌåÐγɾúÈ¥³ýÒ×ÉúÎï½µ½âCODµÄ¹ý³ÌÒ²²»»áÓ°ÏìMicrothrix parvicellaµÄÉú³¤£¬³¤Á´Ö¬·¾Ëᱻȥ³ýµÄÁ¿£¨Îü¸½È¥³ý£©ÓëMicrothrix parvicellaµÄÉú³¤Á¿³É·´±È¹Øϵ[8]£»ÎÛÄàÍ£Áôʱ¼ä(SRT)¡¢pHÖµÒ²»áÓ°ÏìÉúÎïÅÝĵIJúÉú¡£³¤ÎÛÄàÍ£Áôʱ¼äÓÐÀûÓÚMicrothrix parvicellaµÈ˿״¾ú΢ÉúÎïµÄÉú³¤£¬ÕâÒ²ÊÇÑÓʱÆØÆø¹¤ÒÕ¸üÈÝÒ×ÒýÆðÉúÎïÅÝĵÄÔÒò¡£ÁíÍ⣬ÈܽâÑõ(DO)ÒÔ¼°ÆØÆø·½Ê½µÈÒ²ÊÇÉú³ÉÅÝĵÄÖØÒªÓ°ÏìÒòËØ¡£Èç±í2Ëùʾ¡£
¡¡¡¡±í2 ÓëÓÅÊÆ˿״¾úÏà¹ØµÄÌõ¼þ[9]
¡¡¡¡Table 2. Conditions being related to predominant filamentous bacteria
¡¡¡¡
²úÉúÌõ¼þ ¡¡¡¡
˿״¾úÖÖÀà
¡¡¡¡
µÍDO ¡¡¡¡
Microthrix parvicella, S. Natans, 1701
¡¡¡¡
µÍF/M ¡¡¡¡
Microthrix parvicella,0041,0092
¡¡¡¡
ÍêÈ«»ìºÏʽÉúÎï·´Ó¦Æ÷ ¡¡¡¡
H. Hydrossis, Nocardia spp., 021N, 1851,1701
¡¡¡¡
¸¯°ÜÐÔ·ÏË®/Áò»¯Îï ¡¡¡¡
Beggiatoa, Thiothrix spp., 0914
¡¡¡¡
ÓªÑø²»×ã ¡¡¡¡
S. Natans, Thiothrix spp., 021N; ¿ÉÄÜÓÐH. Hydrossis,0041
¡¡¡¡
µÍpHÖµ ¡¡¡¡
fungal bacteria
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