[交流] 每周一听——那些年我们一起练过的听力（第145期）已有22人参与

每周一听——那些年我们一起练过的听力（第145期）

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        When you turn a car's steering wheel, whether you go forwards or backwards. So it seems like it should be just as easy to steer going backwards as going forwards.But clearly,it's not. Suprisingly,the difficulty of driving backwards has almost nothing to do with the direction you're facing and everything to do with the fact that you steer using the front wheels.

      When driving forwards,a car goes in the direction the front wheels are pointed.And when driving backwards,the car goes where the back wheels are pointed.Simple!But the difference is that going forwards,the direction of travel is     (1)    by the same wheels you steer with,so you just point them where you want to go,and that's where you go,the back wheels follow    (2)    .

       In physics,we call this a "stable"system.like dangling a pencil from your fingers-move your hand around and the pencil follows,no thought   (3)    .However,when driving backwards,the direction of travel is determined by the back wheels but you steer with the front wheels.

        So rather than just pointing the front wheels where you want to go,you have to point them in the direction that will get the back wheels to point in the direction you want to go-it's an   (4)    level of separation before the car does what you want.

        And in fact,if you don't make any   (5)    ,then over time the back wheels point farther and farther away from the direction you want to go:instead of following the front wheels,they want to run away!This is an unstable system,like trying to balance a pencil on your fingertip.It's  (6)    finicky and requires a ton of coordinated hand-eye feedback to maintain.

       That's why you   (7)    have to readjust your steering when driving backwards-mathematically,your car is like an upside-down pencil! Of course,there are some successful rear-steering wheeled vehicles-forklifts,for example,only drive slowly and choose rear-steering for greater control of their forks.

        But let's go in the other direction and add a TRAILER to your car steering backwards has gained ANOTHER level of difficulty:you use your front wheels to get the back wheels to point in the direction needed to get the TRAILER to point in the direction you want to go.Not   (8)    enough?It becomes worse the more trailers you add each one adds another level of separation between the direction of your steering and the   (9)    direction of travel.

       Which is why it's nearly impossible to push on one end of a chain or a rope and have the other end go where you want it to,and why you will never,ever (10)    a flexible rope or chain upright on your finger.which makes backwards driving seem downright easy!

上期答案
1 Smartphone
2 strategy
3 trick
4 presented
5 developed
6 logs
7 For instance
8 hidden
9 ultimately
10connected