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The calculations performed in this study were done using theCASTEP code based on DFT, using Vanderbilt-typeultra soft pseudopotentials and a plane-wave expansion of the wavefunctions. The self-consistent ground state of the system was determined by using a band-by-band conjugate gradient technique to minimize the total energy of the system with respect to the plane wave coefficients. The electronic wave functions were obtained by usin gadensity-mixing minimizationmethod for the self-consistentfield(SCF) calculation, and the structures were relaxed by using the Broyden,Fletcher,Goldfarb,andShannon(BFGS)method.
The generalized gradient approximation(GGA) proposed by Perdew et al.and named PW91 was employed.The cutoff energy of plane waves was set to 500.0eV. Brillouinzone sampling was performed by using the Monkhost -Pack
scheme with a k-point grid of 4 *4*4. The values of the kinetic energy cutoff and the k-point grid were determined to ensure the convergence of
total energies.
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The calculations performed in this study were done using theCASTEP code based on DFT, using Vanderbilt-typeultra soft pseudopotentials and a plane-wave expansion of the wavefunctions. The self-cons ...

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The calculations performed in this study were done using theCASTEP code based on DFT, using Vanderbilt-typeultra soft pseudopotentials and a plane-wave expansion of the wavefunctions. The self-consistent ground state of the system was determined by using a band-by-band conjugate gradient technique to minimize the total energy of the system with respect to the plane wave coefficients.
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The electronic wave functions were obtained by usin gadensity-mixing minimizationmethod for the self-consistentfield(SCF) calculation, and the structures were relaxed by using the Broyden,Fletcher,Goldfarb,andShannon(BFGS)method.
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The generalized gradient approximation(GGA) proposed by Perdew et al.and named PW91 was employed.
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The cutoff energy of plane waves was set to 500.0eV. Brillouinzone sampling was performed by using the Monkhost -Pack
scheme with a k-point grid of 4 *4*4.
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The values of the kinetic energy cutoff and the k-point grid were determined to ensure the convergence of
total energies.
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