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dhd997(½ð±Ò+2): good 2011-09-12 08:19:16
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dhd997(½ð±Ò+5, MolEPI+1): good 2011-09-09 18:06:02
Troubleshooting discussion is based on the PCR protocol as described in the table below. All reactions are run for 30 cycles. From Yale University
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1. I get (many) longer unspecific products. What can I do? À©Ôö³ö±È½Ï³¤µÄ·ÇÌØÒìÐÔ²úÎ
Decrease annealing time¼õÉÙÍË»ðʱ¼ä
Increase annealing temperatureÉý¸ßÍË»ðζÈ
Decrease extension time¼õÉÙÑÓÉìʱ¼ä
Decrease extension temperature to 62-68º C½µµÍÑÓÉìζȵ½62-68º C
Increase KCl (buffer) concentration to 1.2x-2x, but keep MgCl2 concentration at 1.5-2mM.Ôö¼ÓKClŨ¶Èµ½1.2-2.0±¶£¬µ«ÊDZ£³ÖMgCl2Ũ¶ÈÔÚ1.5-2.0mM
Increase MgCl2 concentration up to 3-4.5 mM but keep dNTP concentration constant.Ôö¼ÓMgCl2Ũ¶Èµ½3-4.5 mM£¬µ«ÊDZ£³ÖdNTPŨ¶È²»±ä¡£
Take less primer¼õÉÙÒýÎï
Take less DNA template¼õÉÙDNAÄ£°åŨ¶È
Take less Taq polymeraseÉÙÓÃЩTaqø
If none of the above works: check the primer for repetitive sequences (BLAST align the sequence with the databases) and change the primer(s)ÈçÉÏËßÎÞЧ¹û£ººË¶ÔÒýÎïµÄÖØ¸´ÐòÁкͻ»ÒýÎï
Combine some/all of the above ÉÏËß·½·¨Áé»îʹÓÃ
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2. I get (many) shorter unspecific products. What can I do? À©Ôö³ö±È½Ï¶ÌµÄ·ÇÌØÒìÐÔ²úÎï
Increase annealing temperatureÉý¸ßÍË»ðζÈ
Increase annealing timeÔö¼ÓÍË»ðʱ¼ä
Increase extension timeÔö¼ÓÑÓÉìʱ¼ä
Increase extension temperature to 74-78º CÔö¼ÓÑÓÉìζȵ½74-78º C
Decrease KCl (buffer) concentration to 0.7-0.8x, but keep MgCl2 concentration at 1.5-2mM¼õÉÙKClŨ¶ÈÖÁ0.7-0.8±¶£¬µ«ÊDZ£³ÖMgCl2Ũ¶ÈÔÚ1.5-2mM
Increase MgCl2 concentration up to 3-4.5 mM but keep dNTP concentration constantÔö¼ÓMgCl2Ũ¶Èµ½3-4.5 mMµ«ÊDZ£³ÖdNTPŨ¶È²»±ä
Take less primerÉÙÓÃÒýÎï
Take less DNA templateÉÙÓÃÄ£°å
Take less Taq polymeraseÉÙÓÃø
If none of the above works: check the primer for repetitive sequences (BLAST align the sequence with the databases) and change the primer(s)ͬµÚÒ»ÎÊÌâ
Combine some/all of the above
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3. Reaction was working before, but now I can't get any product. ·´Ó¦ÒÔǰÓвúÎ¿ÉÊÇÏÖÔÚ²»ÐС£
Make sure all PCR ingredients are taken in the reaction (buffer, template, Taq, etc)È·±£·´Ó¦ËùÓеijɷֶ¼´æÔÚ
Change the dNTP solution (very sensitive to cycles of thawing and freezing, especially in multiplex PCR)¸ü»»dNTPÈÜÒº
If you just bought new primers, check for their reliability (bad primer synthesis ?)ÐÂÒýÎïÒª±£³ÖÆäºÏ³ÉµÄ׼ȷ¿É¿¿ÐÔ
Increase primer amountÔö¼ÓÒýÎïµÄÁ¿
Increase template amountÔö¼ÓÄ£°åµÄÁ¿
Decrease annealing temperature by 6-10º C and check if you get any product. If you don't, check all your PCR ingredients. If you do get products (including unspecific ones) reaction conditions as described above.½«ÍË»ðζȽµµÍ6-10º CºóºË¶ÔÒ»ÏÂÊÇ·ñÓвúÎÈç¹ûûÓоÍÈ·ÈÏÒ»ÏÂPCR·´Ó¦µÄ³É·ÖÊÇ·ñ¶¼´æÔÚ¡£Èç¹ûÄÜ»ñµÃ²úÎ°üÀ¨·ÇÌØÒìÐԵIJúÎȻºó²ÉÈ¡ÉÏËß·½·¨¡£
Combine some/all of the above
4. My PCR product is weak. Is there a way to increase the yield? PCRµÄ²úÎïµÄÁ¿ºÜÉÙ£¬ÔõÑùÔö¼Ó²úÁ¿?
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gradually decrease the annealing temperature to the lowest possible.Öð½¥½µµÍÍË»ðζȵ½×î´ó¿ÉÄÜ
Increase the amount of PCR primerÔö¼ÓÒýÎïµÄÁ¿
Increase the amount of DNA templateÔö¼ÓÄ£°åµÄÁ¿
Increase the amount of Taq polymeraseÔö¼ÓøµÄÁ¿
Change buffer (KCl) concentration (higher if product is lower than 1000bp or lower if product is higher than 1000bp)¸Ä±äbufferÖÐKCLµÄŨ¶È£¨Ôö¼ÓÈç¹û²úÎïÉÙÓÚ1000bp£¬¼õÉÙÈç¹û´óÓÚ1000bp£©
Add adjuvants. Best, use BSA (0.1 to 0.8 µg/µL final concentration). You can also try 5% (v/v, final concentration) DMSO or glycerol.¼ÓÈ븨×ô¼Á¡£×îºÃÓÃBSA¡£»òÕßÓÃ5%µÄ¶þ¼×»ùÑÇí¿
Check primer sequences for mismatches and/or increase the primer length by 5 nucleotidesºË¶ÔÒ»ÏÂÒ»ÎïÖÖ´íÅäµÄ£¬»òÕßÔö¼Ó5¸öºËÜÕËá
Combine some/all of the above
5. My two primers have very different melting temperatures (Tm) but I cannot change their locus. What can I do to improve PCR amplification? Á½¸öÒýÎïµÄÈܽâζȷdz£²»Ò»Ñùµ«²»Äܸıä»ùÒò×ù¡£ÈçºÎ¸Ä½ø£¿
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
An easy solution is to increase the length of the primer with low Tm. If you need to keep the size of the product constant, add a few bases at the 3' end. If size is not a concern, add a few bases at either the 3' or the 5' end of that primer.Ôö¼ÓµÍÈܽâζȵij¤¶È¡£

[ Last edited by wanhscn on 2011-9-6 at 22:29 ]
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1Â¥: Originally posted by sjtea at 2011-09-06 22:15:44:
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wanhscn(½ð±Ò+1): ÊÇµÄ 2011-09-06 23:43:09
dhd997(½ð±Ò+3): good 2011-09-09 18:06:17
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