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lqtao897195银虫 (正式写手)
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[交流]
90金币求翻译一篇小文章---中国冶金分析的现状与发展（英翻中）
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大家帮帮忙，翻译篇文章，我把我仅有的90金币全都贡献，真的是英语学的太不行了，不然真的要自己翻了，希望谁帮我翻译下，要求： （1）翻译的最少要通顺，最好地道 （2)意思表达的清楚 先谢谢了，感激不尽 |
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myhaoqq
铁杆木虫 (著名写手)
小木虫警备司令员
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2楼2009-04-25 23:19:30
zyy816
至尊木虫 (著名写手)
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★ ★ ★ ★ ★
lqtao897195(金币+5,VIP+0):谢谢了，翻译的不错，你能把剩下的帮我翻译下吗？ 4-26 20:58
lqtao897195(金币+5,VIP+0):谢谢了，翻译的不错，你能把剩下的帮我翻译下吗？ 4-26 20:58
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文章难度不大，太长了，翻译一个引言给你参考 1 Preamble 1引言 Promoted by the powerful market demand andmetallurgical technology progress (especially continuously casting technology and metallurgical short flow technology), iron and steel industry in China is making fast strides•Crude steel output has amounted to 349•361 5 million tons in 2005, in creased by 24•56% compared to that of 2004, pig iron output to 330•404 7 million tons, increased by tons, increased 24•13%•Annual amount of im-ported steel was 25•816 2 million tons while that of exported steel was 20•522 6 million tons, the bal-ance was net import 5•293 6 million tons• 在市场的强劲需求与冶金金属技术（特别是连续铸造技术与短流程冶金金属技术）进步的推动下，中国钢铁工业正处于快步迈进发展。2005年粗钢产量达到了349.3615亿吨，比2004年增长了24.56％，生铁产量达到330.4047亿吨，比上一年增长了24.13％。年进口钢为25.8162亿吨，年出口量为20.5226亿吨，净进口量为5.2936亿吨。 Scales of iron and steel enterprises in China are becoming larger•At present 8 iron and steel enter-prises have annual outputs up to 10 million tons,and 10 enterprises have annual outputs up to 5 mil-lion tons, and 10 have annual outputs to 3 million tons• 中国的钢铁企业规模也变的越来越大。目前，8％钢铁企业年产量达到1000万吨以上，其中10家企业年产量达到了500万吨，10家企业的年产量达到了300万吨。 In 2005, following aspects in iron and steel industry had made noticeable technical progress: new products, quality improvement, product structure adjustment, environment protection, en-ergy consumption saving, comprehensive utilization and etc•The proportion of long length materials decreased to 52•21% from 54•47%, while that of plate and sheet materials rised up to 38•56% from 36•24%. Energy consumption per ton steel dropped down to 714•12 kg standard coal from 755•29 kg[1]• 2005年钢铁工业的的以下几个方面的技术进步明显：新产品开发，质量改进，产品结构调整，环保，节能，综合利用技术等。长型产品比例从54•47%减低到52•21%，而圆型与片形产品比例则从38•56% 上升到 36•24%。生产每吨钢材能耗标煤从原来的755.29公斤降低到714.12公斤。 From now on, research and development of metallurgical industry will much focus on the devel-opment of circulative metallurgical techniques in order to realize clean production, comprehensive circulation of metallurgical materials and energy balance•Meanwhile, attention will also be paid to the development of new types of steel which possess high performance and long life, especially steel(super steel) with high purity, high homogeneity and fine crystal grains• 为了能够实现清洁生产，冶金材料综合循环与能量平衡，现在冶金工业的研发主要将集中在循环冶金技术方面。另外，研发依然会关注长寿命与高性能新钢材开发，特别是高纯度（超高纯度），高均匀性与微晶钢材开发。 With the development of iron and steel industry, analysis & testing technology in China, especially analysis & testing technology for iron and steel have made remarkable progress[2-4]• 随着钢铁工业的发展，中国在分析与测试技术，特别是钢铁分析技术也取得引人注目的进步。 |
3楼2009-04-26 14:13:00
lqtao897195
银虫 (正式写手)
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下面是衔接地址 http://www.namipan.com/downfile/ ... a49a39c847900d60000 我还把它放在一个邮箱中 账号：adordi@163.com 密码：870913 |
4楼2009-04-26 22:12:31
lqtao897195
银虫 (正式写手)
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| 账号：adoredi@163.com 密码：870913 不好意思，把上面的弄错了下，因为要的比较急，所以才弄出此方法，不好意思，麻烦大家了，我自己也在慢慢的琢磨，希望大家给我点帮助。 |
5楼2009-04-26 22:18:43
zyy816
至尊木虫 (著名写手)
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2•1 Comprehensive analysis & testing researchm institutions 综合性分析测试研究机构 2•1•1 National class analysis & testing centers 国家级分析测试中心 There are 13 national class analysis & testing centers for different technical fields in China•Generally these analysis & testing centers are in large scale with complete specialities•They undertake leading and important research work related to analysis and testing technology in the specific field, serve as the most authoritative national arbitration agency for the field, take on the tasks of drafting, developing and promoting national analysis & testing standards and training high quality technicians for laboratories• 中国在不同技术领域有13个国家级分析测试中心。通常来说，这些分析测试中心规模比较大，拥有比较完整的专家团队。他们从事的研究分析测试技术工作在特定领域里面比较重要，处于领头羊地位，也是该领域最权威的仲裁结构，从事起草、改进国家标准以及训练高素质实验员等工作。 National Analysis Center for Iron and Steel (NACIS), which is set up in Central Iron & Steel Research Institute(CISRI), is the national class analysis & testing center for iron and steel field•NACIS has 260 technicians, consisting of departments of chemical analysis, physical analysis, mechanical testing, non-destructive testing, metering, reference materials development, new analysis technology and instruments development, postgraduate education, affiliated instruments factoryand etc•NACIS undertakes over 20 national analysis & testing research projects, develops over 10 reference materials and publishes approximate 100 papers every year• 建立在国家钢铁研究所（CISRI）的国家钢铁分析中心（NACIS），是钢铁领域国家级分析测试中心。NACIS拥有260位技术人员，中心由化学分析，物理分析，力学测试，非破坏性测试，仪表，标准物开发，新分析技术与仪器开发，研究生教育，附属仪器厂等部分组成。NACIS每年承担超过20多项国家级研究课题，开发标准物质超过20多种，发表的文章约100来篇。 2•1•2 Analysis & testing centers of special re-search institutes and ministries 专业分析测试中心与部门 Analysis & test-ing centers of special research institutes and ministries are mainly established by research institutes and ministries according to their own special requirements•Now overall 35 such centers have registered nationwide, mainly conducting common internal analysis or testing work within establishing units, and also external analysis or testing tasks trusted by other units• 专业分析测试中心主要根据研究结构自己的特殊要求建立的。现在全国超过已经登记这样的中心超过35个，他们主要从事对内分析工作，也有一些其它认可他们单位分析测试数据的任务。 2•1•3 Analysis& testing centers of chemistrydepartments of universities 大学化学系分析测试中心 These centers mainly conduct fundamental researches•41 universities have established this sort of centers• 这些中心主要从事基础研究。全国有41所大学建立这类中心。 2•1•4 Provincial class analysis & testing centers 省级分析测试中心 There are 20 provincial grade analysis & testing centers national wide•They mainly undertake local analysis and testing work• 全国有20个省级分析测试中心。他们主要从事本地的分析测试工作。 2•1•5 Analysis laboratories (centers) of technical centers (institutes) of large scale enterprises 大企业技术中心分析实验室 These laboratories (centers) are established by enterprises according to their own requirements for quality control and development of process and ma-terials• 这些实验室（中心）主要根据企业自己质量控制与材料开发建立的。 2•2 Quality supervising & inspection authorities 质量监督机构 2•2•1 National product quality supervising &inspection centers 国家产品质量监督中心 These centers are in charge of the quality supervising & inspection of the products circulated in the market and supervising & inspection tasks assigned by state•Over 240 national product quality supervising & inspection centers, set up as per product categories, have been established. Three of them are for iron and steel field, i•e•national product quality supervising & inspection centers for iron and steel materials, building materials and metal products• 这些中心主管市场流通的产品质量监督工作，任务由国家指定。这样的国家产品质量中心根据产品分类建立，目前全国超过240个。其中三个这样的国家中心为钢铁领域建立的，比如国家钢铁材料产品，建材以及金属产品质量监督中心。 2•2•2 Entry- exit inspection and quarantinelaboratories 进出口检验检疫实验室 These laboratories, which are located at sites of entry-exit customs, are in charge of the inspection and quarantine works for imported and exported commodities•555 such centers had been established national wide, and inspection and quarantine laboratories for metal materials such as iron and steel are usually set in large-scale customs• 这些实验室主要位于海关，掌管进出口商品检验检疫工作。.全国有550个这样的中心，金属材料，比如钢铁检验检疫实验室主要设置在规模较大的海关。 2•2•3 Product quality supervising & inspection centers of ministries 部级产品质量监督中心 These centers, which are established by trades or ministries, mainly undertake the quality supervising & inspection works for specialities or products assigned by ministries• 2 329 such centers have been built national wide, 35 of which are for iron and steel field, including quality supervising & inspection centers dealing with non-destructive testing, metallurgical device, metallurgical heat energy, metallurgical coking, metallurgical buliding, metallurgical mines, iron ore concentrate, steel drill, refractory materials, metallurgical environment protection and etc• 这些中心由商务与外贸部建立，主要从事部门指派的专项工作或者专门产品的质量监督。全国拥有2329个这样的中心，其中35个在钢铁领域，主要处理非破坏性测试，冶金设备，冶金热能，冶金炼焦，冶金建筑，冶金矿无，钢钻，难熔材料，冶金环境保护等问题。 2•2•4 Local and enterprise laboratories 地方企业实验室 Product quality supervising & examining laboratories for some special local products are also established in some places in China•Many enterprises had also built laboratories especially for their own requirements•15 675 laboratories of these two sorts have been registered in China• 中国一些地方也建立了一些专门地方产品的质量监督与检验的实验室。许多企业也为他们的需求建立了检测机构。这两类实验室全国登记在册的有15675个。 2•3 Chinese Society for Metals 中国金属协会 Chinese Society for Metals is an academic body in metallurgical field•Analysis & Testing Branch is one of its 35 affiliates•6 special technical committees are affiliated to the Analysis & Testing Branch, i•e•Quality Control and Information Committee, Spectrometry Committee, Wet Chemical Analysis Committee, Metallurgical Gas Analysis Committee, Status Analysis Committee, Nondestructive Testing Committee, Physical Testing Committee and Mechanical Testing Committee• 中国金属协会是业绩领域的学术团体。分析测试中心是分支是其35个下属机构之一。中心下面有6个技术委员会，比如质量控制与信息委员会，质谱委员会，润湿化学测试委员会，冶金气体分析委员会，状态分析委员会，非破坏性测试委员会，物理测试委员会以及力学测试委员会。 Chinese Society for Metals sponsors conferences on material analysis & testing technology every another year (in even year)•The contents of this conference cover comprehensive reviews with forward looking on material analysis & testing technology, achievements of analysis & testing techniques and methods, technical reports on analysis & testing techniques related to production process and quality control•The 13th annual conference was held October 2006, in Beijing•The conference consisted of one plenary for specially invited lectures, 8 academic sessions, 2 special topic forums, 1 exhibition for new analysis & testing instruments, new products and new technological achievements• 中国金属协会没两年发起一次材料分析与测试技术大会。大会内容涵盖材料分析测试技术进展评论，分析测试技术与方法成就，相关产品过程与质量控制的技术报告。2006年10月在北京举行了第13次年会。大会由1个全体参见的特邀讲座，8个血水讨论会，2个专门论坛，一个新产品分析测试设备、新产品以及新技术成就展会组成 2•4 Publications 出版物 As a publication sponsored by Analysis & Testing Branch of Chinese Society for Metals, Metallurgical Analysis is a monthly journal, which mainly publishes papers related to metallurgical analysis & testing technology•It consists of research reports, comprehensive reviews, brief technical reports, special topic discussions and etc•Papers can be published in Chinese or English with bilingual (Chinese and English) abstracts•The effect factor of Metallurgical Analysis is among the best of publications in metallurgical field in China• 中国金属协会分析测试支会出版的冶金分析是一个月刊，出版的的主要文章是关于冶金分析与测试技术相关内容。主要有研究报告，综合评论，技术简报，专题讨论等组成。文章文摘中英文出版，全文可以是中文或者英文。冶金分析是中国冶金领域最具有影响力的出版物。 |
6楼2009-04-27 21:07:59
bluelu1984
金虫 (小有名气)
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3 Technical activities about metallurgical analysis & testing 有关冶金分析与测试的技术动态 3•1 Researches 研究 Major research projects in China are mainly from national science and technology development plan, such as recently issued the Medium-Term and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan Outline of State (2006-2020)。 在中国主要研究项目来自国家科学和技术发展计划，如国家最近发布的中期和长期的科学和技术发展规划纲要（ 2006-2020年） Researchers can put forward applications to corresponding authorities according to the plan guide。 研究人员根据计划指南可以向相应的主管部门提出申请。 And the project can only be approved and set up after the application has passed the evaluation of special committee consisting of qualified experts。 只有该申请通过了有评估专家组成的特殊委员会的审核后，该项目才能批准和启动。 Besides national projects, local development plans or special projects are also a non-negligible source of research projects• 除了国家项目，地方发展计划或特殊项目，也是研究项目一个不可忽视的来源。 With the development of economics, expenses put into research and development by enterprises are also increasing• 随着经济的发展，企业研究和开发的费用投入也在增加。 Main supporting areas specified in national plans for analysis & testing research are fundamental study, instrument technology, new method development and techniques associated forming complete set。 主要支持领域的国家规定国家项目的分析与试验研究是基础研究。仪器技术，新方法的发展和形成一套完整的相关技术。 At present, main research aspects of metallurgical analysis & testing in China focus on: 目前，我国冶金分析测试的研究重点是： (1) Analysis and testing technology associated with circulative production flow of iron and steel• 钢铁循环生产流程的分析测试技术。 To develop analysis and testing technology associated with production process, energy transforming and resources regeneration, for example analysis & testing techniques related wastes transforming process or hot state analysis•Combining these analysis & testing techniques with new production process would allow an on-line closed loopcontrol system for full production flow to beformed• 发展分析测试技术与生产工艺，能源转化和资源的再生，例如分析与测试技术相关的废物转化过程或热状态分析。结合这些分析测试技术与新的生产过程，将形成一个面向全面生产流程的在线环控制系统。 (2) Characterization/description techniques of new iron and steel materials 新的钢铁材料的特征/描述技术。 To develop characterization/description techniques on high purity, high homogeneity and fine crystal grain steel, such as techniques on trace elements analysis and status testing, characterization techniques for statistic distribution of components and status, new characterization methods on service performance of materials and etc。 为了发展高纯度的特征/描述技术，高均匀性和优良晶体钢，如微量元素的分析和状态的测试技术，成分和状态统计分布的表征技术，材料用途性能的新的表征方法。 |
7楼2009-04-28 15:51:30
bluelu1984
金虫 (小有名气)
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★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★ ★
lqtao897195(金币+30,VIP+0):非常谢谢这位朋友，我自己也翻译完了，正好把这做比较，真的太谢谢了 4-28 22:53
lqtao897195(金币+30,VIP+0):非常谢谢这位朋友，我自己也翻译完了，正好把这做比较，真的太谢谢了 4-28 22:53
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3•2 Systems of analysis and testing methods 分析测试系统的方法 Valid methods used in Chinese laboratories can be basicly classed as two catalogies, i•e•methods recommended by National Standard System (GB) and methods recommended by National Analysis & Testing System (NAS)。 实验室使用的有效的方法基本上分为两种：即被国家标准化体系（GB）和国家分析测试体系（NAS）所推荐的方法。 Other methods may also be validly adopted by laboratories after they are accredited• 其他方法在通过了认可后也可被实验室采用。 3•2•1 Methods recommended by National Stan-dard System 国家标准体系推荐的方法 283 special technical committees are under national standard system。 国家标准体系下辖283个特殊技术委员会。 Analysis and testing activities normally act as sub-committees under corresponding technical committees according speciality。 根据专业，分析与测试活动作为相应的技术委员会下小组委员会职责。 TC183 indicates iron and steel technical committee, of which SC1 represents technical subcommittee for chemical composition determination for iron and steel, which corresponds to ISO/TC17/SC1• TC183表示钢铁技术委员会，其中SC1代表了技术委员小组对钢铁化学成分的测定，相当于ISO/TC17/SC1。 Standard methods for instrument analysis and trace element analysis have being improved and completed further in 1990’s and recent years。 标准方法，仪器分析和痕量元素分析在90年代和最近几年得到进一步的完善。 At present there are overall 91 national standards for iron and steel analysis in China, 43 items in total are covered, namely C, Si, Mn, P, S, Ni, Cr, Mo, Cu, V, Co, Ti, Al, Fe, W, Nb, Ta, Zr, B, Ca, Mg, Ba, Zn, As, Pb, Sn, Sb, Bi, O, N, H, Ce, Sc, Ag, Ge, Ga, In, Tl, Se, Te, Cd, total amount of rare earths (RE), hydrochloric acid insolubles and etc•Measured content ranges for some elements are from 0•000 01% and 90%。 目前，我国的钢铁分析中涵盖了91个国家标准的43个即碳，硅，锰，磷，硫，镍，铬，钼，铜，钒，钴，钛，铝，铁，钨铌，钽，锆，乙，钙，镁，钡，锌，砷，铅，锡，锑，铋，氧，氮，氢，铈，钪，银，锗，镓，铟，铊，硒，碲，镉，总金额稀土（稀土） ，盐酸不溶物等。一些元素的测量范围从0.000 01 ％和90 ％。 Analysis means consist of wet chemical analysis methods (gravimetric method, titration method, spectrophotometric method, polarographic method, atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-atomic e-mission spectrometry (ICP-AES), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) andetc), and solid sample analysis methods (fusing-infrared absorption method, fusing-thermal conductivity method, spark source emission spectrometry, X ray fluorescent spectrometry, glow discharge-atomic emission spectrometry (GD-OES) and etc•  •分析手段包括湿化学分析方法（重量法，滴定法，分光光度法，极谱法，原子吸收光谱法，原子荧光光谱法，电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱（ ICP - AES ） ，电感耦合等离子体质谱（ ICP - MS法） 等） ，固体样品分析方法（红外吸收法，熔融热导法，火花源发射光谱仪， X射线荧光光谱，辉光放电原子发射光谱（光谱仪）等）。 |
8楼2009-04-28 17:56:24
zyy816
至尊木虫 (著名写手)
- 应助: 1 (幼儿园)
- 金币: 9698.1
- 散金: 7
- 红花: 2
- 帖子: 1987
- 在线: 320.1小时
- 虫号: 162947
- 注册: 2006-01-11
- 专业: 理论和计算化学
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3 Technical activities about metallurgical analysis & testing 冶金分析与测试技术活动 3•1 Researches 研究 Major research projects in China are mainly from national science and technology development plan, such as recently issued the Medium-Term and Long-Term Science and Technology Development Plan Outline of State (2006-2020)•Researchers can put forward applications to corresponding authorities according to the plan guide• And the project can only be approved and set up after the application has passed the evaluation of special committee consisting of qualified experts•Besides national projects, local development plans or special projects are also a non-negligible source of research projects•With the development of economics, expenses put into research and development by enterprises are also increasing• 中国的研究项目主要来之国家科学技术发展规划，比如最近出版的国家中长期科学技术发展规划（2006-2020）.研究人员可以根据计划指导向相关权威部分申请项目。项目只有在申请通过由资深专家组成的专门委员会评价后才能立项。除了国家项目，地方发展计划或者专项也是一个研究项目不可忽视的来源。随着经济发展，企业投入到研究开发项目的资金也在不断增长。 Main supporting areas specified in national plans for analysis & testing research are fundamental study, instrument technology, new method development and techniques associated forming complete set•At present, main research aspects of metallurgical analysis & testing in China focus on: 分析测试研究领域的国家项目资助主要增对基础研究，仪器技术，新工艺开发与技术相关的成套设备。目前，中国冶金分析测试主要关注领域： |
9楼2009-04-28 20:08:25
zyy816
至尊木虫 (著名写手)
- 应助: 1 (幼儿园)
- 金币: 9698.1
- 散金: 7
- 红花: 2
- 帖子: 1987
- 在线: 320.1小时
- 虫号: 162947
- 注册: 2006-01-11
- 专业: 理论和计算化学
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3•4 Accreditation and proficiency testing activities of metallurgical analysis & testing laboratories in China 中国冶金分析测试实验室能力验证与认可活动 3•4•1 ISO 17025 accreditation ISO 17025认证 (1)Metrology accreditation (CMA) 计量认证 Metrology accreditation is a legally forced accreditation in China organized by Chinese metrology system based on the Chinese metrology laws• The criteria of CMA is ISO 17 025•Now more than 16 000 laboratories had passed the CMA• 在中国，测量认证是中国计量系统根据中国计量法律组织的强制性认证活动。CMA的标注是ISO 17 025。现在超过16000个实验室已经通过CMA认证。 (2)Laboratory accreditation (CNAS) 实验室认证 China National Accreditation Service for Comformity Assesment (CNAS) is responsible for organizing the accreditation of laboratories (CNAS)• On the voluntary basis, any laboratory can apply for laboratory accreditation regardless if it provides valid data to public•The criteria of CNAS accreditation is ISO 17 025•Because CNAS is a member of ILAC, its approval is mutually recognized among 55 countries•At present 2 771 laboratories have achieved the approval of CNAS•Generally, in order to ensure the legal effect and international mutual recognition of the provided data, dual approvals from CNAS (laboratory accreditation) and CMA (meterage accreditation) are required for the laboratories which are authorized to provide legally valid data to public• 中国合格评定国家认可委员会负责组织实验室认证。基于自愿原则，任何实验室可以申请实验室认证，不管是否提供公开有效数据。CNAS认证标准是ISO 17 025。又有CNAS是ILAC的成员，它的证明在55个国家中相可以互认可。目前有2771个实验室已经取得CNAS认可。一般来说，为了保证法律效应与国际之间提供的数据相互认可，NCAS与CMA认证实验室必须公开授权的法律有效数据。 3•4•2 Proficiency testing activities 能力认证活动 In general, China National Accreditation Service for Comformity Assesment (CNAS) is responsible for organizing proficiency testing activities in China•Proficiency testing work group of metals of CNAS is responsible for planning and coordinating proficiency testing projects for metals•As an investigation and project implementing institution for proficiency testing technology, China NIL Research Center of Proficiency Testing had organized 355 projects from 1999 to 2005, and up to 3 410 laboratories have been involved, including 137 laboratories from 37 foreign countries• 在中国，中国合格评定国家认可委员会负责组织能力认证活动。CNAS的金属领域能力认证工作组负责计划与协调金属能力测试项目。作为一个能力测试技术研究与项目实施机构，中国的NIL能力研究与测试中心1999-2005年之间已经组织了355个项目，涉及3410个实验室，其中包括来自中国以外37个国家的137个实验室。 |
10楼2009-04-28 20:38:47
