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[资源] Cambridge2009A First Course in Digital Communications

Preface page xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Abbreviations xiv
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Open system interconnection (OSI) model 3
1.2 Block diagram of a typical digital communication system 5
1.3 Text outline 7
2 Deterministic signal characterization and analysis 10
2.1 Introduction 10
2.2 Deterministic signals 11
2.3 Periodic signals 11
2.3.1 Representation in a (Fourier) series expansion 11
2.3.2 Properties of the Fourier series 16
2.3.3 Examples of Fourier series 18
2.3.4 Discussion of examples 24
2.3.5 Frequency spectrum of periodic signals 25
2.3.6 Fourier series of a product of two signals 31
2.4 Nonperiodic signals 34
2.4.1 Derivation of the Fourier transform representation
of a nonperiodic signal 34
2.4.2 Examples of the Fourier transform 37
2.4.3 Properties of the Fourier transform 46
2.4.4 Relationship between Fourier series and the Fourier transform 51
2.5 Input/output relationship of linear, time-invariant systems 52
2.5.1 Energy/power relationships for a signal 54
2.6 Time–bandwidth product 58
2.7 Summary 61
2.8 Problems 62
3 Probability theory, random variables and random processes 77
3.1 Random variables 77
3.1.1 Sample space and probability 77
3.1.2 Random variables 80
vi Contents

3.1.3 Expectation of random variables 86
3.1.4 Multiple random variables 88
3.2 Random processes 90
3.2.1 Classification of random processes 92
3.2.2 Statistical averages or joint moments 93
3.2.3 Power spectral density (PSD) of a random process 96
3.2.4 Time averaging and ergodicity 99
3.3 Random processes and LTI systems 102
3.4 Noise in communication systems 104
3.5 The Gaussian random variable and process 108
3.6 Summary 120
3.7 Problems 120
4 Sampling and quantization 135
4.1 Sampling of continuous-time signals 136
4.1.1 Ideal (or impulse) sampling 136
4.1.2 Natural sampling 139
4.1.3 Flat-top sampling 141
4.2 Pulse modulation 144
4.3 Quantization 145
4.3.1 Uniform quantizer 147
4.3.2 Optimal quantizer 150
4.3.3 Robust quantizers 151
4.3.4 SNRq of nonuniform quantizers 153
4.3.5 Differential quantizers 155
4.4 Pulse-code modulation (PCM) 161
4.5 Summary 162
4.6 Problems 162
5 Optimum receiver for binary data transmission 171
5.1 Geometric representation of signals s1(t) and s2(t) 173
5.2 Representation of the noise 182
5.3 Optimum receiver 184
5.4 Receiver implementation 188
5.5 Receiver implementation with one correlator (or matched filter) 194
5.6 Receiver performance 197
5.7 Power spectral density of digital modulation 205
5.8 A PSD derivation for an arbitrary binary modulation 207
5.9 Summary 212
5.10 Problems 213
6 Baseband data transmission 231
6.1 Introduction 231
6.2 Baseband signaling schemes 232
vii Contents

6.3 Error performance 235
6.4 Optimum sequence demodulation for Miller signaling 242
6.5 Spectrum 249
6.6 Differential modulation 251
6.7 Summary 252
6.8 Problems 253
7 Basic digital passband modulation 263
7.1 Introduction 263
7.2 Binary amplitude-shift keying (BASK) 264
7.3 Binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) 266
7.4 Binary frequency-shift keying (BFSK) 267
7.5 Performance comparison of BASK, BPSK, and BFSK 270
7.6 Digital modulation techniques for spectral efficiency 271
7.6.1 Quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) 272
7.6.2 An alternative representation of QPSK 279
7.6.3 Offset quadrature phase-shift keying (OQPSK) 283
7.6.4 Minimum shift keying (MSK) 283
7.7 Summary 291
7.8 Problems 292
8 M-ary signaling techniques 302
8.1 Introduction 302
8.2 Optimum receiver for M-ary signaling 303
8.3 M-ary coherent amplitude-shift keying (M-ASK) 305
8.4 M-ary phase-shift keying (M-PSK) 310
8.5 M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) 315
8.6 M-ary coherent frequency-shift keying (M-FSK) 322
8.7 Comparison of M-ary signaling techniques 328
8.8 Shannon channel capacity theorem 330
8.9 Summary 331
8.10 Problems 332
9 Signaling over bandlimited channels 343
9.1 Introduction 343
9.2 The communication system model 344
9.3 Nyquist criterion for zero ISI 346
9.3.1 Design of transmitting and receiving filters 352
9.3.2 Duobinary modulation 356
9.4 Maximum likelihood sequence estimation 360
9.5 Summary 371
9.6 Problems 371
viii Contents

10 Signaling over fading channels 378
10.1 Introduction 378
10.2 Demodulation with random amplitude 379
10.3 Demodulation with random phase 381
10.3.1 Optimum receiver for noncoherent BASK 382
10.3.2 Optimum receiver for noncoherent BFSK 387
10.3.3 Differential BPSK and its optimum demodulation 391
10.4 Detection with random amplitude and random phase: Rayleigh
fading channel 395
10.4.1 Fading channel model 396
10.4.2 Binary FSK with noncoherent demodulation in Rayleigh
fading 398
10.4.3 BFSK and BPSK with coherent demodulation 401
10.5 Diversity 404
10.5.1 Optimum demodulation of binary FSK with diversity 405
10.5.2 Optimum diversity 409
10.6 Central limit theorem 411
10.7 Summary 414
10.8 Problems 415
11 Advanced modulation techniques 422
11.1 Trellis-coded modulation (TCM) 422
11.1.1 Explanation of performance improvement achieved
with TCM 435
11.1.2 A (reasonably) general approach to TCM 436
11.1.3 Demodulation of TCM 442
11.1.4 Error performance of TCM 444
11.1.5 Differential TCM for rotational invariance 447
11.2 Code-division multiple access (CDMA) 455
11.2.1 Spread spectrum 457
11.2.2 CDMA 464
11.2.3 Pseudorandom sequences: generation and properties 472
11.2.4 Autocorrelation and crosscorrelation of the signature
waveforms 476
11.2.5 Power control 479
11.2.6 Rake receiver 480
11.3 Space-time transmission 485
11.3.1 Receive diversity 486
11.3.2 Transmit diversity 487
11.4 Problems 499
12 Synchronization 505
12.1 Introduction 505
12.2 Phase offset and carrier frequency estimation 509
ix
12.2.1 Phase-locked loop (PLL) 509
12.2.2 Equivalent model of a sinusoidal PLL 514
12.2.3 Second-order phase-locked loop dynamics 516
12.3 Phase and carrier frequency acquisition for suppressed carrier
modulation 521
12.4 Determination (estimation) of symbol timing 526
12.5 Summary 528
12.6 Problems 529
Index 536

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2015-03-04 21:44:32, 7.53 M