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药物从研发到上市的命名变化（转）
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The vast majority of chemicals that are synthesized in medicinal chemistry research never make it to the market place and it would be impractical to name them all. Instead, research groups label them with a code which usually consists of letters and numbers. Th e letters are specific to the research group undertaking the work and the number is specific for the compound. Th us, Ro31-8959, ABT-538, and MK-639 were compounds prepared by Roche, Abbott, and Merck pharmaceuticals respectively. If the compounds concerned show promise as therapeutic drugs they are taken into development and named. For example, the above compounds showed promise as anti-HIV drugs and were named saquinavir, ritonavir, and indinavir respectively. Finally, if the drugs prove successful and are marketed as medicines, they are given a proprietary, brand, or trade name, which only the company can use. For example, the above compounds were marketed as Fortovase ® , Norvir ® and Crixivan ® respectively (note that brand names always start with a capital letter and have the symbol R or TM to indicate that they are registered brand names). Th e proprietary names are also specific for the preparation or formulation of the drug. For example, Fortovase ® (or Fortovase TM ) is a preparation containing 200 mg of saquinavir in a gel-filled, beige-coloured capsule. If the formulation is changed, then a different name is used. For example, Roche sell a different preparation of saquinavir called Invirase ® which consists of a brown/green capsule containing 200 mg of saquinavir as the mesylate salt. When a drug’s patent has expired, it is possible for any pharmaceutical company to produce and sell that drug as a generic medicine. However, they are not allowed to use the trade name used by the company that originally invented it. European law requires that generic medicines are given a recommended International Nonproprietary Name(rINN), which is usually identical to the name of the drug. In the UK, such drugs were given a British Approved Name(BAN), but these have now been modified to fall in line with rINNs. As the naming of drugs is progressive, early research articles in the literature may only use the original letter/ number code as the name of the drug had not been allocated at the time of publication. Throughout this text, the names of the active constituents are used rather than the trade names, although the trade name may be indicated if it is particularly well known. For example, it is indicated that sildenafil is Viagra ® and that paclitaxelis Taxol ® . If you wish to f |
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2014-08-26 11:29:22, 21.48 M
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2014-08-26 14:15
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2014-08-26 14:46
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2014-08-26 17:47
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2014-08-27 21:48
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2014-08-29 13:45
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2014-09-01 09:41
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