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etin

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[交流] 每周一听——那些年我们一起练过的听力（第四期）

每周一听——那些年我们一起练过的听力（第四期）

奖项——听写后正确填空者可得BB奖励

评分规则：
每篇设空十处，难度逐渐增加每答对一空奖励一个BB。学习与BB兼得，先到先得，后到后得，欢迎大家涌跃参加哦。

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Not everyone who teaches in a college or university is a professor. Many are instructors or lecturers. In fact, not even all professors are    (1)  professors. Many of them are assistant or associate professors or adjunct professors.
So what do all of these different   (2)   titles mean at American colleges and universities? Get ready for a short lecture, especially if you are thinking of a career in higher education.
Professors usually need a    (3)   degree. But sometimes a school will offer positions to people who have not yet received their doctorate.
This person would be called an instructor until the degree has been    (4)  . After that, the instructor could become an assistant professor. Assistant professors do not have tenure.
Tenure means a   (5)   appointment. This goal of greater job security is harder to reach these days. Fewer teaching positions offer the chance for tenure.
Teachers and researchers who are    (6)   that do offer it are said to be "on the tenure track." Assistant professor is the first job on this path.
Assistant professors generally have five to seven years to gain tenure. During this time, other faculty members    (7)  . If tenure is denied, then the assistant professor usually has a year to find another job.
Candidates for tenure may feel great pressure to    (8)  . "Publish or perish" is the traditional saying.
An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor. An associate professor may later be appointed a full professor.
Assistant, associate and full professors perform many duties. They teach classes. They advise students. And they carry out research. They also    (9)  and take part in other activities.
Other faculty members are not expected to do all these jobs. They are not on a tenure track. Instead, they might be in adjunct or visiting positions.
         (10)          . An adjunct professor is also a limited or part-time position, to do research or teach classes. Adjunct professors have a doctorate.
Another position is that of lecturer. Lecturers teach classes, but they may or may not have a doctorate.

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[ Last edited by 古可ぷ on 2012-3-24 at 15:52 ]

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1楼2012-03-24 13:34:12

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引用回帖:

3楼: Originally posted by suplee at 2012-03-24 13:46:50:
哈，奶茶mm

手动回复的哈，风风

这次特地送些BB，自动发一些，呵呵

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6楼2012-03-24 14:14:25

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★ ★ ★
古可ぷ: 金币+3, well done 2012-03-24 15:53:13

感谢大家对本活动的支持与厚爱，第四期活动开始啦，大家加油哦！！
下面公布第三期答案及文本解读。
本楼音频附件为本期活动备用附件，听不了的同学可以去下载听。
第三期活动地址http://muchong.com/bbs/viewthread.php?tid=4260080&fpage=1&page=1

第三期活动答案
1、surprisingly
2、geothermal
3、efficient
4、approach
5、traditionally
6、sealed against leaks
7、a whole other area
8、some specialized materials
9、air treatment systems
10、The designs are passive because they do not use geothermal, sun or wind energy for power

词汇讲解
1. passive adj. 被动的; 消极的; 不抵抗的
例句：He has a passive disposition.
他个性消极。
2. reduce vt. 缩减, 减少; 降低
例句：We must try our best to reduce the likelihood of war.
我们必须尽最大努力减少战争的可能性。
3. approach n. 靠近, 接近, 临近；通路, 入口, 途径；方式, 方法
例句：His approaches to the problem are wrong.
他处理这个问题的方法是错误的。
4. seal vt. 封,密封
例句：The tube is sealed at both ends.
这管子两端是密封的。
5. leak n.漏洞, 裂缝；泄漏, 漏出物
例句：The rain dripped down from a leak in the roof.
雨水从屋顶的裂缝中滴漏下来。
6. airtight adj. 不透气的, 密封的
例句：Biscuits will stay crisp if you keep them in an airtight tin.
如果你把饼干放到一个密闭的铁罐里, 它就会保持松脆。
7. temperature n. 温度, 气温
例句：The room had a temperature of 18℃.
室内温度为十八摄氏度。
8. exploration n. 考察, 探索
例句：These new discoveries have broken new ground in the exploration of the cosmos.
这些新的发现在宇宙探索方面开辟了新道路。
9. specialized adj. 专业的;专业化的
例句：These tools are very specialized.
这些是专用工具。
10. addition n. 增加的人或事物
例句：They've just had an addition to the family.
他们家里刚刚添了一口人。

短语讲解
1. And homes are responsible for about one fourth of the nation’s total energy use.
be responsible for为…负责,形成…的原因
例句：The bad weather is responsible for the small attendance.
出席率低是由于天气不佳。
2. But what sets his design apart from other "green homes" is that it looks like any other home.
apart from除去，撇开…来说(表示除…以外尚有)
例句：Apart from some spelling mistakes, the composition is fairly good.
除了一些拼写错误, 这篇文章写得很不错。
look like看起来与(某人或某物)相像〔相似〕
例句：He looks like a scholar.
他看上去像个学者。
3. That's why in our case we decided to try to do something to prove that point to make something that was very traditionally American.
point to表明
例句：All the signs at the moment point to an early resumption of the fighting between the two countries.
眼下的一切迹象都表明这两个国家将很快重新开战。
4. North Africa, for example, has a passive house community designing for very hot dry climates and that's a whole other area of exploration for passive house.
for example例如, 譬如
例句：There are many sources of air pollution; exhaust fumes, for example.
空气污染有许多来源, 例如废气。
译文
Heating and cooling equipment are the biggest users of energy in American homes. And homes are responsible for about one fourth of the nation’s total energy use. But there are surprisingly simple ways to deeply cut energy use, its effect on the environment and its cost.
加热和制冷设备是美国家庭中的最大的能源用户，而家庭约占用了全国能源使用总量的四分之一。但也有一些令人惊讶的简单方法，可以深度减少能源使用，降低其对环境的影响和成本。
David Peabody and his team at Peabody Architects design passive homes. He says the design of a passive house aims to reduce energy demand to its lowest possible level. Passive houses use no solar, geothermal or wind energy equipment. But they are extremely energy efficient.
David Peabody和他的Peabody建筑师团队设计被动式住宅。他说，被动式住宅旨在将能源需求求降低到尽可能低的水平。被动式住宅不使用太阳能、地热能或风能设备。但它们都非常高效节能。
Mr. Peabody says passive houses cut heating and cooling costs by about ninety percent. But what sets his design apart from other "green homes" is that it looks like any other home.
Peabody先生称被动式住宅可以削减约90%的加热和制冷成本。但是，让他的设计与其它“绿色家园”相区分的是，它看起来和任何其它房屋一样。
DAVID PEABODY: "That is the beauty of the passive house approach is that you don't have to build in a particular way with any particular materials or to any particular style. That's why in our case we decided to try to do something to prove that point to make something that was very traditionally American."
DAVID PEABODY：“那就是被动式住宅的美妙之处，你无需通过任何特定材料或任何特定风格以一种特殊方式来建造它。这就是为什么在我们的案例中，我们决定尝试做一些事情来证明这一点，使一些东西成为非常传统美国式。”
Peabody Architects says it is building the first passive home in the Washington, DC, area. But it will not be the last. In Arlington, Virginia, Roger Lin and his brother Eric are also building one. Roger Lin of Southern Exposure Homes explains that windows are sealed against leaks and have three layers of glass.
Peabody Architects称，它是华盛顿特区正在建造第一栋被动式住宅。但它不会是最后一栋。在弗吉尼亚州的阿灵顿市，Roger Lin和他的弟弟Eric也正在建造这样一栋住宅。Southern Exposure Homes的Roger Lin解释说，窗户是密封的，有三层玻璃来防止泄露。
ROGER LIN: "And these are triple-paned."
ROGER LIN：“而这些都是三层的。”
The windows are airtight. On a cold winter day, the temperature inside the unfinished home is a comfortable twelve degrees, or fifty degrees Fahrenheit.
窗户是密闭的。在一个寒冷的冬天，这栋未完成的住宅里的温度是舒适的12摄氏度，或华氏五十度。
ROGER LIN: "In here it's above fifty actually. It’s above fifty right now."
ROGER LIN：“在这里，它实际上高于华氏50度。”
David Peabody says you can find passive homes all over the world.
David Peabody称，你可以在世界各地找到被动式住宅。
DAVID PEABODY: "North Africa, for example, has a passive house community designing for very hot dry climates and that's a whole other area of exploration for passive house."
DAVID PEABODY：“例如北非，有一个设计用于非常炎热干燥气候的被动式住宅社区。这是被动式住宅在其它地区的全新探索。”
The first passive design was an apartment building in Darmstadt, Germany. Two physicists helped develop it about twenty years ago.
第一个被动式设计是德国达姆施塔特的一栋公寓楼，两位物理学家在大约二十年前帮忙设计的。
Passive houses use some specialized materials. These include precast concrete panels and insulation. They also need to have special air treatment systems. Supporters say they cost only about five or eight percent more than traditional homes. But they use ten percent of the energy for heating and cooling.
被动式住宅使用一些专门的材料。这些东西包括混凝土预制板和绝缘材料。他们还需要有特殊的空气处理系统。支持者称，其成本只比传统住宅多出5%-8%。但用于加热和制冷的能源只有传统住宅的10%。
But Passive House Institute US says even greater savings can be reached with additions like solar water heating systems. They might call that an active passive house.
但是美国被动式住宅研究所称，使用太阳能热水系统等作为补充可以实现更大的节约。他们可能称之为积极的被动式住宅。

[ Last edited by etin on 2012-3-24 at 13:46 ]

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