[交流] 每周一听——那些年我们一起练过的听力（第四期）

每周一听——那些年我们一起练过的听力（第四期）

奖项——听写后正确填空者可得BB奖励

评分规则：
每篇设空十处，难度逐渐增加每答对一空奖励一个BB。学习与BB兼得，先到先得，后到后得，欢迎大家涌跃参加哦。

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   Not everyone who teaches in a college or university is a professor. Many are instructors or lecturers. In fact, not even all professors are    (1)  professors. Many of them are assistant or associate professors or adjunct professors.
So what do all of these different   (2)   titles mean at American colleges and universities? Get ready for a short lecture, especially if you are thinking of a career in higher education.
Professors usually need a    (3)   degree. But sometimes a school will offer positions to people who have not yet received their doctorate.
This person would be called an instructor until the degree has been    (4)  . After that, the instructor could become an assistant professor. Assistant professors do not have tenure.
Tenure means a   (5)   appointment. This goal of greater job security is harder to reach these days. Fewer teaching positions offer the chance for tenure.
Teachers and researchers who are    (6)   that do offer it are said to be "on the tenure track." Assistant professor is the first job on this path.
Assistant professors generally have five to seven years to gain tenure. During this time, other faculty members    (7)  . If tenure is denied, then the assistant professor usually has a year to find another job.
Candidates for tenure may feel great pressure to    (8)  . "Publish or perish" is the traditional saying.
An assistant professor who receives tenure becomes an associate professor. An associate professor may later be appointed a full professor.
Assistant, associate and full professors perform many duties. They teach classes. They advise students. And they carry out research. They also    (9)  and take part in other activities.
Other faculty members are not expected to do all these jobs. They are not on a tenure track. Instead, they might be in adjunct or visiting positions.
            (10)            . An adjunct professor is also a limited or part-time position, to do research or teach classes. Adjunct professors have a doctorate.
Another position is that of lecturer. Lecturers teach classes, but they may or may not have a doctorate.