²é¿´: 2364  |  »Ø¸´: 5
µ±Ç°Ö»ÏÔʾÂú×ãÖ¸¶¨Ìõ¼þµÄ»ØÌû£¬µã»÷ÕâÀï²é¿´±¾»°ÌâµÄËùÓлØÌû

majun04

ľ³æ (ÖøÃûдÊÖ)


[½»Á÷] ¡¾ÇóÖú¡¿Ç°Ïß¹ìµÀ·ÖÎö

ºÃ¾Ãǰ·¢¹ýÌû×Ó,ÏÖÔÚÏëÆðÀ´,»¹Ã»ÓÐÌ«Ã÷°×,Çë¸ßÊÖ°ïæ´ðÒÉÒ»ÏÂ.

¾ÍÊÇÔÚ·´Ó¦¹ý³ÌÖÐ,Ôõô²ÅÄÜ¿´³öÀ´ÊÇÄÇЩ»¯Ñ§¼üµÄ¶ÏÁÑ»òÕßÐÎ³ÉÆðµ½¾ö¶¨ÐÔµÄ×÷ÓÃ?Õâ¸ö´ÓǰÏß¹ìµÀ·ÖÎö¿ÉÒÔ¿´³öÀ´Âð?ÔõôÑù·ÖÎö?
ÔÚÎÄÏ×Öп´µ½ÕâÑùÒ»¶Î·ÖÎö£¬¸Ð¾õÆäÖÐÓÐÒ»¾ä²»Ã÷°×£¨ÎÄÖмӴֲ¿·Ö£©¿ÒÇë¸ßÊÖÖ¸µã¡£
ÎÊÌ⣺Õâ¸ö¹ý¶É̬¶ÔÓ¦×Ŷà¸ö¼üµÄ·´Ó¦O¡ªH¼üµÄ¶ÏÁÑC¡ªN¼üµÄת»¯£¬C¡ªO¼üºÍN¡ªH¼üµÄÐγɣ¬ÔõôÄܹ»´ÓHOMO-2µÄ¹ìµÀÐÅÏ¢Öеõ½£¬Õâ¸ö¹ìµÀ¾ÍÊǶÔÓ¦×ÅHµÄ×ªÒÆÄØ£¿ÔõôÑù´ÓÊä³öÎļþÖп´³ö·Ö×Ó¹ìµÀ¶ÔÓ¦×ÅÄÇЩԭ×ӵı仯£¬¿ÒÇë°ïæ¡£

It is interesting to notice the molecular orbital interaction between the H2O molecule and amino acetonitrile (1). We plotted the frontier orbitals of 1, the complex (H2O + 1, precursor of reactants), and transition state 2 in Figure 3. Assuming that the molecular plane of 1 passes through the central carbon atom, the nitrile group, and the nitrogen atom, we then can distinguish the HOMO-1 as being symmetric to the molecular plane, from HOMO-2, on the molecular plane of 1. These two MOs feature the two e orientations of the CN group. When H2O starts to approach 1, the shapes of these MOs as well as the energy order do not change (as shown in the complex portion of MOs in Figure 3). However, we found that the energy of HOMO-2 of the complex starts to increase as the two approaching moieties get closer and closer, and it became HOMO at the transition state. We can trace these points along the reaction coordinate and plot the change in these MO energies, shown in Figure 4. At point 12 where the CaaaO distance is 2.53 ? and the HaaaOH distance is 1.01 ?, the MO energy of the original HOMO-2 jumps over and becomes HOMO-1. This MO energy keeps on rising, and at point 16 where the C...O distance is 1.89 ? and the HaaaOH distance is 1.02 ?, it becomes HOMO and remains HOMO to the transition state. This MO energy trend is similar to the potential energy profile of the transition state. On the contrary, the energies of the original HOMO and HOMO-1 of the precursor do not follow the trend and become HOMO-1 and HOMO-2, respectively, at the transition state. This result reminds us not to ignore the molecular interaction occurring in HOMO-2 of the precursor, which almost dominates the energy change of the reaction process. We found out that the formation of HOMO-2 and HOMO-3 in the precursor was mainly an MO combination from the HOMO of H2O and the HOMO-2 of amino acetonitrile, drawn in Figure 3. The positive (or same phase) combination forms HOMO-3, and the negative (or opposite phase) combination forms HOMO-2. Along the reaction coordinate, we inspected the changes in these MOs and assured that HOMO-2 represented the transfer of the hydrogen to the N atom of the nitrile group in amino acetonitrile, whereas that of HOMO-3 represented the formation of the C-O bond of the C atom of the nitrile group with the O atom of H2O. Because the MO energy of HOMO-3 does not change significantly (in fact, it decreases a little bit in Figure 4) during the whole reaction process, we are convinced that the crucial part of this nitrile hydrolysis process was the transfer of the hydrogen atom of H2O to the N atom of the nitrile group but not the formation of the C-O bond between H2O and the nitrile group.

´ÓIRC·¾¶Éϵĸ÷µã£¬ÔÚ¹ý¶É̬ǰÊÇË®ÖÐÇâÔ­×ӶϼüÔ¶ÀëºÍÑõÔ­×Ó¶Ôëæ»ù̼Ç׺˹ý³Ì¡£Õâ¸öЭͬ¹ý³Ì£¬Ó¦¸ÃÓиö¡°Ö÷´Î¡±£¬Èç¹ûÕÒµ½Ö÷Òª¹ý³Ì£¨Ò²¾ÍÊÇÄÜÀݸߵùý³Ì£©£¬²¢Í¨¹ýÒýÈë´ß»¯¼ÁµÄ·½·¨½â¾öµô£¬²ÅÊÇ´ß»¯µÄÄ¿µÄ¡£
ÊÇ·ñÊÇÔ­×Ó¹ìµÀ·¢ÉúλÏàÏà·ûµÄÖØµþ¾ÍÄܹ»ÐγÉÎȶ¨µÄ»¯Ñ§¼ü£¨¡¶Í¼½âÁ¿×Ó»¯Ñ§¡·¸£¾®Ç«Ò»£©¡£Ë®·Ö×ÓµÄHOMO¹ìµÀÖ÷ÒªÓÉOÔ­×ÓµÄÔ­×Ó¹ìµÀ¹±Ï׵ġ£
¶øÔÚÉÏÊöfigure3ÖУ¬ÒòΪˮ·Ö×ÓµÄHOMO¹ìµÀºÍaminoacetoitrileµÄHOMO-2¹ìµÀÒÔλÏàÏà·ûºÏµÄ·½Ê½Öصþ£¬Äܹ»ÐγÉÎȶ¨µÄC£­O¼ü¡£ËùÒÔÕâÁ½¸ö¹ìµÀת»¯³ÉµÄprecursorºÍ¹ý¶É̬µÄHOMO-3¹ìµÀ´ú±í×ÅOÔ­×Ó¶ÔCÔ­×ÓµÄÇ׺˽ø¹¥¹ý³Ì¡£
¶øË®·Ö×ÓµÄHOMO¹ìµÀºÍaminoacetitrileµÄHOMO-2¹ìµÀÒÔλÏ಻Ïà·ûºÏµÄÇé¿öÖØµþÊDz»Äܹ»ÐγÉÎȶ¨µÄ»¯Ñ§¼üµÄ£¬¶ÔÓ¦×ÅË®·Ö×ÓÖÐÖÊ×ÓÇâµÄ×ªÒÆ¡£
²»ÖªµÀÉÏÊö·ÖÎöµÃ¶Ô²»¶Ô£¬Ï£Íû´ó¼Ò·¢±íÒâ¼û£¬ÌÖÂÛÌÖÂÛ¡£

°ÑÉÏÃæµÄÀýÌâËãÁËһϣ¬
Ë®·Ö×ӵĹìµÀÐÅÏ¢ÈçÏ£º
Molecular Orbital Coefficients
                          1         2         3         4         5
                       (A1)--O   (A1)--O   (B2)--O   (A1)--O   (B1)--O
    EIGENvalueS --   -20.56173  -1.33881  -0.69998  -0.56941  -0.49714
ÆäÖÐ5ΪHOMO¹ìµÀ
aminoacetoitrileµÄ·Ö×Ó¹ìµÀÐÅÏ¢ÈçÏ£º
                         11        12        13        14        15
                       (A"--O   (A')--O   (A')--O   (A"--O   (A')--O
    EIGENvalueS --    -0.59079  -0.55724  -0.47552  -0.46248  -0.42548
ÆäÖÐ15ΪHOMO¹ìµÀ
ÄÇô¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬Ë®·Ö×ÓµÄHOMO¹ìµÀÄÜÁ¿ºÍaminoacetoitrileµÄHOMO-2µÄ¹ìµÀÄÜÁ¿×î½Ó½ü£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÄܲî×îС£¬ËùÒÔËæ×ÅÁ½¸ö·Ö×ÓÏ໥×÷Óã¬ÕâÁ½¸ö¹ìµÀ½«Ï໥µþ¼Ó×÷Óá£
ÔÚÕâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÖУ¬ÓÐO£­H¼üµÄ¶ÏÁÑ£¬ºÍC£­O¼üµÄÐγɡ£ÄÇô¾Í³öÏÖÁËÉÏÊöµÄHOMO-3¶ÔÓ¦×ÅO£­C¼üµÄÐγɣ¬HOMO-2¶ÔÓ¦×ÅO£­H¼üµÄ¶ÏÁÑ¡£

²»ÖªµÀÕâÑù·ÖÎö¶Ô²»¶Ô£¬¿ÒÇë´ó¼Ò·¢±íÒ»ÏÂÒâ¼û¡£


»Ø¸´´ËÂ¥

» ²ÂÄãϲ»¶

» ±¾Ö÷ÌâÏà¹ØÉ̼ÒÍÆ¼ö: (ÎÒÒ²ÒªÔÚÕâÀïÍÆ¹ã)

» ±¾Ö÷ÌâÏà¹Ø¼ÛÖµÌùÍÆ¼ö£¬¶ÔÄúͬÑùÓаïÖú:

» ÇÀ½ð±ÒÀ²£¡»ØÌû¾Í¿ÉÒԵõ½:

²é¿´È«²¿É¢½ðÌù

ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû
¡ï ¡ï
majun04(½ð±Ò+1):лл²ÎÓë
zhou2009: 2011-01-26 11:51:25
zhou2009(½ð±Ò+1): 2011-01-27 10:50:23
·ÖÎöµÄºÃ¡£
µ«ÊÇ
Èç¹ûÊÇË®µÄÇ׺˽ø¹¥¡£Ó¦¸ÃÊÇË®µÄHOMOºÍëæµÄLUMO×÷Óá£
ÄãÕâÒ»¶ÑHOMO±äÀ´±äÈ¥¡£³É¼ü¹ìµÀ·´¼ü¹ìµÀ¶¼Óеç×Ó¡£
ûÓÐʲôÓá£
3Â¥2011-01-26 11:02:06
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû
²é¿´È«²¿ 6 ¸ö»Ø´ð

quantumor

½ð³æ (ÖøÃûдÊÖ)


¡ï
majun04(½ð±Ò+1):лл²ÎÓë
ÔÞ³É3Â¥µÄ¹Ûµã¡£
4Â¥2011-01-26 11:26:06
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

majun04

ľ³æ (ÖøÃûдÊÖ)


ÒýÓûØÌû:
Originally posted by ggdh at 2011-01-26 11:02:06:
·ÖÎöµÄºÃ¡£
µ«ÊÇ
Èç¹ûÊÇË®µÄÇ׺˽ø¹¥¡£Ó¦¸ÃÊÇË®µÄHOMOºÍëæµÄLUMO×÷Óá£
ÄãÕâÒ»¶ÑHOMO±äÀ´±äÈ¥¡£³É¼ü¹ìµÀ·´¼ü¹ìµÀ¶¼Óеç×Ó¡£
ûÓÐʲôÓá£

ÏëÇë½Ìһϣ¬Èç¹ûÎÒÏëÖªµÀÔÚÒ»¸ö¹ý¶É̬ÖУ¬Èç¹ûÓжà¸ö³É¼üºÍ¶Ï¼ü¹ý³Ì£¬ÒªÏëÖªµÀÆäÖÐÄǸöСµÄ¹ý³ÌÊÇÆðµ½¾ö¶¨ÒòËØµÄ£¬Ó¦¸ÃÔõô·ÖÎö°¡£¿
¾ÍºÃ±ÈÔÚÉÏÊöëæË®½âµÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Ôõô²ÅÖªµÀÊÇH×ªÒÆÊǹؼüÒòËØ»¹ÊÇË®ÖеÄO¶ÔCµÄÇ׺˽ø¹¥Êǹؼü£¿

ллÄúµÄ°ïÖú£¡
5Â¥2011-01-27 10:36:17
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû
majun04(½ð±Ò+1): ллÄ㣬ÎÒÎʵÄÊÇЭͬµÄ¡£Ð»Ð»ÄãµÄ°ïÖú 2011-01-30 09:44:47
Èç¹ûÊÇ·Ö²½µÄ¾Í¿´ÄĸöÊǾöËÙ²½
Èç¹ûÊÇЭͬµÄ¾Í¿´·´Ó¦Ê±ºò»îÐÔ¹ìµÀµÄϵÊýÔÚÄÄÀï´ó
6Â¥2011-01-28 22:30:39
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû
×î¾ßÈËÆøÈÈÌûÍÆ¼ö [²é¿´È«²¿] ×÷Õß »Ø/¿´ ×îºó·¢±í
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ûÓÐÈκÎÏûÏ¢-ÊDz»ÊǾÍÁ¹ÁË +9 ͼÀ²Í¼À² 2026-08-24 10/500 2026-08-25 11:59 by ÄϺ£Ð¡¸ç
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] 2026ÄêµÄ¹ú¼ÒÉç¿Æ»ù½ðÏîĿͨѶÆÀÉóµÄйæÔòÓëж¯Ïò¡¢ÐÂÌôÕ½ +5 process2012 2026-08-23 7/350 2026-08-25 09:42 by huixian257
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ½ñÌì»ù½ð»á³ö½á¹ûÂð£¿20260819 +17 kkkl_v 2026-08-19 18/900 2026-08-25 09:41 by windflowerwy
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ·¶½øÖоÙÒ»ÎĵÄÖÐÐÄ˼Ïë +7 Ñ׻ƹóëÐ 2026-08-22 8/400 2026-08-25 08:48 by ZJTJZ
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] Ã÷ÌìÓ¦¸Ã¿É²éÁË£¡£¿ +5 chengyan1220 2026-08-23 5/250 2026-08-24 23:28 by ÎÒ4´ó°×²Ë
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] Èç¹û´Ë¿ÌÄãÕýÔÚΪ¹ú»ù¸Ðµ½½¹ÂÇ£¬²»·ÁÀ´ÌýÌýÕâÊס¶»ù½ðÖ®Íâ¡· +7 scalable 2026-08-24 7/350 2026-08-24 23:01 by anata1209
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] filecode£¬4¸öjtjcÁË +14 ziyangfang 2026-08-19 17/850 2026-08-24 18:37 by ¹þ¹þ¸ò£¿
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ½¨Òé»ù½ð·¢²¼Ìáǰ¸ø³öÃ÷È·µÄʱ¼äµã +13 kulium 2026-08-21 16/800 2026-08-24 16:27 by superceng
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ÅóÓÑȦ¿´µ½µÄ +7 wangzilk 2026-08-18 9/450 2026-08-24 10:50 by cmrandy
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ·Å°ñǰµÄ²»µ­¶¨ 20+4 snowwithsea 2026-08-19 17/850 2026-08-24 10:20 by echo8914667
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ¿ÆÑй¶ùÌ«ÄÑÁË +18 ÎÒ4´ó°×²Ë 2026-08-20 19/950 2026-08-24 09:47 by ¿­¶÷¹ãÊ¢´ß»¯·ÖÎ
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ʲôʱºò¿ª½±£¿ +10 CrisMessi 2026-08-18 11/550 2026-08-24 06:50 by ¿ªÐĵÄСʨ×Ó
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ½ñÌì·Å°ñÂ𣿠+15 ²¼²¼ºÍÒ»¶þ 2026-08-19 16/800 2026-08-23 09:55 by ÕÅ´ºÉú
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ʱ¼ä´Á½ñÌ죬20ºÅ±äÁË +5 archvillain 2026-08-20 5/250 2026-08-22 06:12 by hui_daxiao
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ¿´À´½ñÌì²»»á·Å°ñÁË£¿ +8 chengyan1220 2026-08-21 11/550 2026-08-21 17:52 by dcqxinyang
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ʱ¼ä´ÁÓÖ±äÁË +13 wuchongjun 2026-08-20 19/950 2026-08-21 17:21 by ×Ïɼ´¼
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ½ñÌì·Å°ñûϷÁ衃 +9 yuleib84 2026-08-19 11/550 2026-08-21 10:06 by gltch
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] »ù½ð°¡»ù½ð +4 longfie172 2026-08-20 4/200 2026-08-21 08:58 by mark mao
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ÖØÒªÏûÏ¢£¬ÖÐÎçϵͳÔÚά»¤ +11 yuleib84 2026-08-18 12/600 2026-08-20 11:09 by xskun
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] Ã÷Ìì·Å°ñ£¿ +5 Shxjjxjkx 2026-08-18 5/250 2026-08-18 18:14 by -´ó´ó´ó´ó´ó-
ÐÅÏ¢Ìáʾ
ÇëÌî´¦ÀíÒâ¼û