²é¿´: 1106  |  »Ø¸´: 6
µ±Ç°Ö÷ÌâÒѾ­´æµµ¡£

llljjj999

Òø³æ (СÓÐÃûÆø)

[½»Á÷] º«¹úÓïÓï·¨Ñ§Ï°Çø

ÒÔϵÄÓ﷨ѧϰ×ÊÁÏÓкܴ󲿷ֶ¼ÊDZ¾ÈË´Óhttp://korean.sogang.ac.krºÍº«¹úÓï½ÌÊÒhttp://study.hanguo.net.cnÍøÕ¾ÖÐÕÒµ½µÄ£¬ÄÇÀïÓеĽâÊÍÓõÄÊÇÓ¢ÓΪÁËijЩӢÓﲻ̫ÊìÁ·µÄÅóÓÑѧϰ·½±ã£¬ÎÒ¼ÓÉÏÁ˺ºÓï½âÊÍ¡£Ï£Íû´ó¼ÒºÃºÃѧϰ£º£©
µÚÒ»½Ú£º
The pattern '-고 싶다' : would like to (do)/want to (do)
¸ñʽΪ'-고 싶다' £¬Òâ˼Ϊ£ºÏëÒª×ö...
   
The pattern ¡®-고 싶다¡¯ is used to indicate the desire of the subject and is used with action verbs and ¡®있다¡¯. This pattern ¡®-고 싶다¡¯ is used with first person statements and second person questions. Here are some examples:
¡®-고 싶다¡¯ Õâ¸ö¸ñʽÊÇÓÃÀ´±íÃ÷Ö÷ÓïµÄÔ¸Íû£¬ºÍ±íʾ¶¯×÷µÄ¶¯´ÊºÍ¡®있다¡¯Á¬Óá£Õâ¸ö¸ñʽÊÊÓÃÓÚ£ºµÚÒ»È˳ƵijÂÊö¾äºÍµÚ¶þÈ˳ƵÄÒÉÎʾ䡣ÒÔÏÂÊǼ¸¸öÀý×Ó£º
   
   사과를 사고 싶어요. (I) would like to buy an apple. ÎÒÏëÂòÆ»¹û¡£
  
커피를 마시고 싶어요. (I) would like to drink a cup of coffee.ÎÒÏëºÈ¿§·È¡£
  
한국에 가고 싶어요. (I) would like to go to Korea. ÎÒÏëÈ¥º«¹ú¡£
  
안나씨를 만나고 싶어요? Would you like to see Anna? ÄãÏë¼û°²ÄÈô£¿
  
어디에 가고 싶으세요? Where would you like to go? ÄãÏëÈ¥ÄÄÀ

   
Tense and negation are expressed in the verb '싶다'.
ʱ̬ºÍ·ñ¶¨¶¼ÔÚ¶¯´Ê '싶다'Öбíʾ¡£È磺
   
   피자를 먹고 싶어요. I wanted to eat Pizza. ÎÒÏë³ÔÆ¤Èø±ý¡£
  
피자를 먹고 싶지 않아요. I don't want to eat pizza. ÎÒ²»Ïë³ÔÆ¤Èø±ý¡£
2. The pattern '-아(어/여 보다'
¸ñʽΪ£º'-아(어/여 보다'
   
(1) On it's own, '보다' means 'to see'. The pattern '-아(어/여보다' is used to convey meanings such as 'someone tries doing something ( to see how it will turn out)' or 'someone does something to see (how it will turn out)'.
   ¾Í'보다'±¾ÉíÀ´½²£¬ËüµÄÒâ˼Ϊ¡°¿´¡±¡£¶ø'-아(어/여보다' Õâ¸ö¸ñʽÊÇÓÃÀ´±í´ïÒÔϵÄÒâ˼£ºÈ磬ijÈËÊÔ×ÅÈ¥×öijÊ£¨¿´½á¹û»áÊÇÔõÑù£©»òÕßijÈËΪÁËÖªµÀ½á¹ûÔõÑù¶ø×öijÊÂ
이 구두를 신어 보세요. Please try on these shoes. ÇëÊÔÊÔÕâЩЬ¡£
  
전화해 보세요.  Please try to call. Çë´òµç»°¿´¿´¡£
  
여기서 기다려 보세요. Please wait here. ÇëÔÚÕâÀïµÈµÈ¿´¿´¡£

   
(2) With past tense form. it can be used to express experience as well as the meanings mentioned in (1)
¹ýÈ¥Ê±ÄØ£¬²»½ö¿ÉÒÔ±íʾÈ磨1£©ÖÐËù½²µÄÒâ˼£¬¶øÇÒÒ²¿ÉÒÔÓÃÀ´±íʾ¹ýÈ¥µÄ¾­Àú¡£
   
   저는 한국에 가 봤어요. I have been to Korea. ÎÒÈ¥¹ýº«¹ú¡£
  
저는 멜라니를 만나 봤어요.  I have met Melanie. ÎÒ¼û¹ý÷À­ÄÝ¡£
3. The pattern '-아/어/여 보이다'
  ¸ñʽΪ'-아/어/여 보이다'
: someone(or something) looks (appears, seems...)
  Ä³ÈË£¨Ä³Î¿´ÆðÀ´...
This pattern conveys meanings such as likeness, resemblance, or similarity, when attached directly to the stems of adjectives.
The past tense form of this pattern is '-아/어/여 보였다.'
Õâ¸ö¸ñʽֱ½Ó½ÓÔÚÐÎÈݴʺóÃæÊ±£¬Òâ˼ΪÀàËÆ£¬ÏàËÆ  
-아 보이다 is after verb stems having '아/오'
-아 보이다·ÅÔÚ¶¯´Ê´ÊβÓÐ'아/오'ºóÃæ
-어 보이다 is after verb stems having other vowel '아/오'
-어 보이다 ·ÅÔÚ¶¯´Ê´ÊβÓÐÆäËûÔªÒô'아/오'µÄºóÃæ
-여 보이다 is after verb stems having '-하다'
여 보이다 ·ÅÔÚ¶¯´Ê´ÊβΪ'-하다' µÄºóÃæ  
   옷이 작아 보여요. The clothes look small. Ò·þ¿´ÆðÀ´Ð¡¡£
  
한국음식이 맛있어 보여요. Korean food looks delicious. º«Ê³¿´ÆðÀ´ºÜºÃ³Ô¡£
  
그분이 행복해 보여요. He looks happy. ÄÇÈË¿´ÆðÀ´ºÜÐÒ¸£¡£
4. The pattern '-(으ㄹ 거예요' : will  
¸ñʽΪ£º'-(으ㄹ 거예요' £¬Òâ˼ÊÇ£º½«Òª   
This pattern is used in the first or second person to express an action which is going to take place in the future.
´Ë¸ñʽÓÃÓÚµÚÒ»µÚ¶þÈ˳ƣ¬±í´ïijһ¶¯×÷½«Òª·¢Éú
   
(1) -ㄹ 거예요 : If the verb stem ends in a vowel.
Èç¹û¶¯´ÊÒÔÔªÒô½á⣬¸ñʽΪ£º-ㄹ 거예요  
   
   안나씨, 내일 뭐 할 거예요? Anna, what will you do tomorrow?
°²ÄÈ£¬ÄãÃ÷ÌìÒª×öʲô£¿
  
저는 내일 이사를 할 거예요. I will move tomorrow.
ÎÒÃ÷ÌìÒª°á¼Ò¡£

   
(2) -을 거예요 : If the verb stem ends in a consonant.  
Èç¹û¶¯´ÊÒÔ¸¨Òô½á⣬¸ñʽΪ£º-을 거예요
   
   지금 점심 먹을 거예요? Will you have lunch now? ÄãÏÖÔÚÒª³ÔÎ緹ô£¿
  
아니오, 30분 후에 먹을 거예요. No, I will have it in 30 minutes. ²»£¬30·ÖÖÓºóÔÙ³Ô¡£
»Ø¸´´ËÂ¥

» ²ÂÄãϲ»¶

ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

yangming824

ÎÒÊÇÒ»¸öº«Óï³õѧÕß,лл¥Ö÷·ÖÏí×ÊÔ´,Äܲ»Äܽ»¸öÅóÓÑ?
2Â¥2006-04-03 00:06:30
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

llljjj999

Òø³æ (СÓÐÃûÆø)

If the subject of the sentence is the 3rd person pronoun, this pattern indicates likelihood or probability.  
Èç¹ûÖ÷ÓïÊǵÚÈýÈ˳ƣ¬ÄÇô´Ë¸ñʽ±í´ïÊÂÇé·¢ÉúµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ¡£
5. The pattern' -고 싶어 하다' : want to do -, would like to -
  ¸ñʽΪ£º' -고 싶어 하다'£¬Òâ˼ÊÇ£ºÏëÒª×ö...
This pattern `-고 싶어 하다' is used to express desires in third person subject statements and questions with all verbs and `있다'.  
´Ë¸ñʽÓÃÓÚµÚÈýÈ˳ÆÎªÖ÷ÓïµÄ³ÂÊö¾äÒÔ¼°Óɶ¯´ÊºÍ있다¹¹³ÉµÄÒÉÎʾäÖУ¬±í´ïÖ÷ÓïµÄÔ¸Íû
   
   안나씨가 어디에 가고 싶어 해요? Where does Anna want to go?
  °²ÄÈÏëÈ¥ÄÄÀ
안나씨는 집에 가고 싶어 해요. Anna wants to go to home.
  °²ÄÈÏë»Ø¼Ò¡£
앤디씨가 무엇을 먹고 싶어 해요? What does Andy want to eat?
  °£µÏÏë³Ôʲô£¿
앤디씨는 불고기를 먹고 싶어 해요. Andy wants to eat Bulgogi.
  °£µÏÏë³Ô¿¾Èâ¡£  
Tense is expressed in the verb `싶어 하다', such as `싶어 했어요'.
  Ê±Ì¬ÌåÏÖÔÚ¶¯´Ê½á¹¹ `싶어 하다'£¬Èç¹ýȥʱΪ`싶어 했어요'
   미나씨가 어디에 가고 싶어 했어요 ? Where did Mina want to go ?
  ÃÀÄÈÏëÈ¥ÄÄÀïÀ´×Å£¿
집에 가고 싶어 했어요 She wanted to go home.
ËýÏë»Ø¼ÒÀ´×Å¡£
   
Negation is expressed in the verb `싶어 하다' with `-지 않다', such as `싶어 하지 않아요'.  
·ñ¶¨Ê½µÄ¹¹³ÉÊÇÔÚ`싶어 하다'ºóÃæ¼ÓÉÏ `-지 않다'£¬Èç싶어 하지 않아요'¡£
   
   미나씨가 집에 가고 싶어 했어요 ?  Did Mina want to go home ?
  ÃÀÄÇÏë»Ø¼ÒÁËô£¿
아니오, 집에 가고 싶어 하지 않았어요. No, she didn't want to go home.
4. The connective '-고' ;
Á¬´Ê'-고'
Á¬´Ê'-고' ÓÃÓÚÁ¬½ÓÁ½¸öͬλµÄ¾ä×Ó¡£µ±Á½¸ö¾ä×ÓµÄÖ÷ÓïÒ»ÑùµÄʱºò£¬Á½¸ö¾ä×Ó±í´ïµÄÊÂÇéÊÇÁ¬Ðø·¢ÉúµÄ¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬Á¬´Ê'-고' Òâζ×Å£ºÏÈ×öA,È»ºóÔÙ×öB.µ«Êǵ±Á½¸ö¾ä×ÓµÄÖ÷ÓﲻͬµÄʱºò£¬Á½¸ö¾ä×Ó±í´ï±È½ÏµÄÒâ˼£¬Óë ¡®-은/는Á¬Óá£
This connective ¡®-고¡¯ is used to link two clauses in coordination. When the subjects of the two clauses are the same, the two clauses means sequential process. So, in this case, the connective ¡®-고¡¯ means ¡® doing A first, and then doing B later¡¯. But when the subjects of the two clauses are different, these two clauses express comparison, and are used with the topic marker ¡®-은/는¡¯.  
   숙제를 하고 가겠어요.  I¡¯ll do my homework first and then go.
ÎÒÏÈ×ö×÷ҵȻºóÔÙ×ß¡£
   친구를 만나고 집에 갈 거에요.  I¡¯ll meet my friend and then go home.
ÎÒÏȺÍÅóÓѼûÃæÈ»ºó»Ø¼Ò¡£
   저는 공부하고 친구는 TV를 봐요.  I¡¯m studying and my friend is sleeping.  
ÎÒÔÚѧϰ£¬µ«ÊÇÎÒÅóÓÑÔÚ˯¾õ¡£
   저는 크고 그분은 작아요.  I am tall and he is short.
ÎÒ¸ö×Ӹߵ«ÊÇËû¸ö×Ó°«¡£
   한국말은 재미있고 영어는 어려워요.  Korean is interesting and English is difficult.
º«¹úÓïÓÐÒâ˼£¬µ«ÊÇÓ¢ÓïÄÑ¡£
   이분은 엄마고 저분은 아빠예요.  This is my mom, and that is my dad.
Õâ¸öÊÇÎÒÂèÂ裬ÄǸöÊÇÎÒ°Ö°Ö¡£  
The pattern '-(으ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다' : One knows (doesn't know) how to do sth  
¸ñʽ'-(으ㄹ 줄 알다/모르다' ÖªµÀ£¨²»ÖªµÀ£©Ôõô×öijÊÂ
   
This pattern is used to express the knowledge or lack of knowledge of a technique or process of doing something.  
   ´Ë¸ñʽÊÇÓÃÀ´±í´ïÖªµÀ»ò²»ÖªµÀ×öijʵļ¼ÇÉ»ò¹ý³Ì¡£
   자동차 운전할 줄 알아요(아세요 ? Do you know how to drive ?
  ÄãÖªµÀÔõô¿ª³µÃ´£¿
네, 운전할 줄 알아요. Yes, I know how to drive.
  Êǵģ¬ÎÒÖªµÀÔõô¿ª³µ¡£
아니오, 운전할 줄 몰라요.  No, I don't know how to drive.
  ²»£¬ÎÒ²»ÖªµÀÔõô¿ª³µ¡£
피아노를 칠 줄 알아요(아세요 ?  Do you know how to play the piano ?
  ÄãÖªµÀÔõôµ¯¸ÖÇÙô£¿
네, 칠 줄 알아요. Yes, I know how to play.
  Êǵģ¬ÎÒÖªµÀÔõôµ¯¡£
아니오, 칠 줄 몰라요. No, I don't know how to play.
   ²»£¬ÎÒ²»ÖªµÀÔõôµ¯¡£
   
The Tense is expressed with the verb '알다/모르다`.
   Ê±Ì¬µÄ±ä»¯ÌåÏÖÔÚ¶¯´Ê'알다/모르다ÖС£
   피아노를 칠 줄 알았어요.
(그런데 지금은 칠 줄 몰라요.) I knew how to play the piano.
(But, now I don't know how to play.)
ÎÒÒÔǰ֪µÀÔõôµ¯¸ÖÇÙ£¬£¨µ«ÊÇÏÖÔÚÎÒ²»ÖªµÀÁË¡£ £©
  
피아노를 칠 줄 몰랐어요.
(그런데 지금은 칠 줄 알아요.). I didn't know how to play the piano.
(But, now I know how to play.)
ÒÔǰÎÒ²»ÖªµÀÔõôµ¯¸ÖÇÙ£¬£¨µ«ÊÇÏÖÔÚÎÒÖªµÀÁË¡££©
The pattern '-아/어/여 주다(드리다'
¸ñʽΪ£º'-아/어/여 주다(드리다'
  
When the verb '주다' and its respectful counterpart '드리다'(to give) are used in the pattern '-아/어/여 주다(드리다', it expresses the speaker's request for something or offer to do something for someone else. '주다' is used for a request or offer to a social equal or inferior.
µ±¶¯´Ê'주다'ºÍËüµÄ×ð¾´³Æ'드리다'ÓÃÔÚ´Ë'-아/어/여 주다(드리다'¸ñʽÖÐʱ£¬±í´ïµÄÒâ˼ÊÇ˵»°Õß¶ÔijʵÄÒªÇó»òÕßÖ÷¶¯Ìá³öΪijÈË×öijÊ¡£'주다'ÓÃÓÚͬ±²»òÕß³¤±²¶Ôϱ²¡£
   
   저를 도와 주시겠어요 ? Would you be kind enough to help me ? (Will you help me ?) Äã¿ÉÒÔ°ïÎÒô£¿
  
이것을 읽어 주세요. Please read this for me.
  Çë¸øÎÒ¶ÁÒ»ÏÂÕâ¸ö¡£
내가 도와 줄게. I will help you.(to an inferior)
ÎÒ»á°ïÄãµÄ¡££¨¶Ôϱ²£©
   
'드리다' is used when the speaker makes an offer or request to a social superior, or in any situation when the speaker wants to be polite.  
'드리다' ÓÃÓÚ˵»°ÕßÇëÇó»òΪÉϼ¶Ìṩ×öijÊ£¬Ò²ÓÃÓÚ˵»°Õß±íʾÀñòµÄ³¡ºÏ¡£  
   도와 드릴까요 ? Shall I help you ?
  ¿ÉÒÔ°ïÄãô£¿
제가 도와 드리겠어요. I will help you.
  ÎÒ»á°ïÄãµÄ¡£
안나한테 읽어 드리세요. Please read it for Anna.
Ϊ°²ÄȶÁÒ»ÏÂÕâ¸ö¡£
The pattern '-기 전에' ; before doing  ÔÚ×öijÊÂ֮ǰ

The word ¡®전¡¯ is a noun meaning ¡°time before¡± or ¡°place in front¡± and ¡®-에¡¯ is a marker meaning ¡°at, in, on¡±. So the pattern ¡®-기 전에¡¯ is used to express of ¡®before something happens¡¯. This pattern is always used with verbs, and the subjects of the two clauses can be either the same or different.
Ãû´Ê ¡®전¡¯ Òâ˼ÊÇ...֮ǰ»òÕßǰ·½£¬¶ø¡®-에¡¯µÄÒâ˼ÊÇ¡°ÔÚ£¬..ÀïÃæ£¬...ÉÏÃæ¡±¡£Õâ¸ö¸ñʽÓÃÀ´±í´ï¡°ÔÚijÊ·¢Éú֮ǰ¡±£¬´Ë¸ñʽ×ÜÊǺͶ¯´ÊÁ¬Ó㬶øÇÒÁ½¸ö¾ä×ÓµÄÖ÷Óï¿ÉÒÔÒ»ÖÂÒ²¿ÉÒÔ²»Ò»Ö¡£
   오시기 전에 전화하세요.  Please give me a call, before you come.
ÄãÀ´Ö®Ç°¸øÎÒ´ò¸öµç»°¡£
   잊기 전에 메모하세요.  Please write a memo before you forget.
ÔÚÄãÍü¼Ç֮ǰд¸öÁôÑÔ¡£  
   집에 가기 전에 제 사무실에 들르세요.  Before you go home, please drop by my office.  Äã»Ø¼Ò֮ǰ£¬µ½ÎҰ칫ÊÒÀ´Ò»ÌË¡£
   일하기 전에 식사를 하세요.  Please eat before you start working.  ¹¤×÷ǰÏȳԷ¹¡£
   앤디씨가 오기 전에 영희씨는 집에 가세요.  Younghee, you should go home before Andy comes.  Ó¢¼§Ó¦¸ÃÔÚ°£µÏÀ´Ö®Ç°»Ø¼Ò¡£
The pattern '-지 말다' : don't do ²»Òª×ö
   
On it's own, the verb `말다' means 'to stop, to cease, to quit.' So the pattern '-지 말다` preceded by an action verb expresses prohibition or dissuasion. This pattern is always used as a negative imperative sentence or a negative propositive sentence.  
¾Í ¶¯´Ê±¾Éí `말다'À´½²£¬ËüµÄÒâ˼ÊÇÍ£Ö¹£¬ËùÒԴ˸ñʽ¼ÓÉÏÇ°ÃæµÄ¶¯×÷¶¯´Ê±íʾ½ûÖ¹»ò²»Í¬Òâ¡£´Ë¸ñʽ×ÜÊÇÓÃÓÚ·ñ¶¨Æîʹ¾ä»ò·ñ¶¨µÄ½¨Òé¾ä¡£
   학교에 가지 마세요.  Please don't go to school.
  Çë²»ÒªÉÏѧ¡£
늦게 주무시지 마십시오.  Please don't go to bed late.
  Ç벻Ҫ˯µÃÌ«Íí¡£
지금 떠나지 마세요. Please don't leave now.
  ²»ÒªÏÖÔÚÀ뿪¡£
울지 마세요. Don't cry.²»Òª¿Þ¡£
버스는 타지 맙시다. Let's not take a bus. ÎÒÃDz»Òª³Ë¹«¹²Æû³µ¡£
  
오늘은 그분을 만나지 맙시다. Let's not meet him today. ÎÒÃǽñÌì²»Òª¼ûËû¡£
The pattern '-기로 하다.' : decide to do  ¾ö¶¨È¥×ö...

The pattern '-기로 하다' is used to indicate one's decision, making a choice between alternatives, or arriving at a solution to an uncertainty or dispute. So, this pattern is usually used in the past tense.
´Ë¸ñʽÓÃÀ´±íÃ÷ijÈ˵ľö¶¨£¬ÔÚÁ½Õß¼ä×öÑ¡Ôñ£¬»òÕß´Ó²»È·ÐÅ»òÕùÂÛÖеóö¸ö½áÂÛ¡£ËùÒÔ£¬´Ë¸ñʽһ°ãÓÃÓÚ¹ýȥʽ¡£
담배를 끊기로 했어요. I decided to quit smoking.ÎÒÒѾö¶¨½äÑÌ¡£
술을 마시지 않기로 했어요. I decided not to drink. ÎÒÒѾö¶¨²»ÔٺȾơ£
이번 주말에 여행을 가기로 했어요. I decided to go on a trip.ÎÒÒѾö¶¨ÕâÖÜÈ¥ÂÃÐС£   
In this form, the verb `-하다' can be replaced by the verb `약속하다, 결정하다, 결심하다, 작정하다' etc. See the following examples :
Ôڴ˸ñʽÖУ¬¶¯´Ê `-하다' ¿ÉÒÔÌæ»»Îª`약속하다, 결정하다, 결심하다, 작정하다' µÈ¡£Çë¿´ÒÔϵÄÀý×Ó£º
담배를 끊기로 결정했어요. I decided to quit smoking.ÎÒÒѾö¶¨½äÑÌ¡£
담배를 끊기로 약속했어요. I promised to quit smoking. ÎÒÒÑÔÊŵ½äÑÌ¡£
담배를 끊기로 결심했어요. I made up my mind to quit smoking.ÎÒÒÑϾöÐĽäÑÌ

There are two different ways of expressing the negative. In the first, when the pattern is preceded by a negative '-지 않기로 하다', it means 'to decide not to do'. In the second, when the negative is expressed in the verb '-기로 하다` itself, like '-기로 하지 않다', it means 'do not decide to do'.
ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ¸ñʽ±í´ï·ñ¶¨¡£Ê×ÏÈ£¬'-지 않기로 하다'±íʾ¾ö¶¨²»×öijÊ£¬Æä´Î£¬µ±·ñ¶¨ÔÚ¶¯´Ê '-기로 하다` ÖÐÌåÏֵϰ£¬Èç'-기로 하지 않다'£¬±íʾûÓоö¶¨È¥×öijÊ¡£

먹지 않기로 했어요.  I decided not to eat. ÎÒÒѾö¶¨²»³ÔÁË¡£
먹기로 하지 않았어요.  I haven't decided to eat. ÎÒ»¹Ã»Óоö¶¨³ÔÄØ¡£

'-기로 하다';¾ö¶¨×÷ʲô´òËã×÷ʲô
3Â¥2006-04-03 12:20:06
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

llljjj999

Òø³æ (СÓÐÃûÆø)

¡¡ ¡¡¡¡¹ßÓÃÐÍ '-기로 하다' ³£Ó붯´ÊÁ¬Óã¬Ï൱ÓÚÖÐÎĵġ®¾ö¶¨×÷ʲô¡¯£¬¡®´òËã×÷ʲô¡¯¡£¾äβ '-기로-하다'(Ç°ÃæÊDZíʾ¶¯×÷µÄ¶¯´Ê)±íʾ´ÓÁ½¸ö»ò¸ü¶àµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔÖÐѡһ¸ö»ò¾ö¶¨£¬»òÕߏı伯»®¡£Õâ¸ö¹ßÓÃÐͲ»³£ÒÔ '-기로' ×÷½á⣬¶øÒÔ '하다' ×÷½áβ¡£

계획표에 따라 식사량을 줄이기로 했어요. ¾ö¶¨°´Õռƻ®±í¼õÉÙʳÁ¿ÁË¡£
한아영 씨와 만나기로 했습니다.  ¾ö¶¨ºÍº«ÑÇÓ¢¼ûÃæÁË¡£
그와 함께 식사하기로 했습니다.  ¾ö¶¨ºÍËûÒ»Æð³Ô·¹ÁË¡£
The pattern ¡®-면 안 되다' ...µÄ»°²»ÐС£  

For the negative answer to a request for permission, you have to use the pattern '-(으면 안 되다.' '-으면 안 되다' is used after verb stems ending in a consonant except 'ㄷ', -면 안 되다' is used after verb stems ending in a vowel : an consonant 'ㄷ'.
¶ÔÇëÇóͬÒâµÄ·ñ¶¨»Ø´ðʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇÓô˸ñʽ¡£'-으면 안 되다' ÓÃÔÚ¶¯´ÊβÒôΪ³ýÁË'ㄷ'µÄ¸¨Òôʱ£¬ -면 안 되다' ÓÃÔÚ¶¯´ÊβÒôΪԪÒôºÍ¸¨Òô'ㄷ'ʱ¡£
  들어가도 괜찮아요?ÎÒ½øÈ¥¿ÉÒÔô£¿
- 아니오, 들어오면 안 돼요.²»¿ÉÒÔ£¬½øÈ¥µÄ»°²»ÐС£
- 네, 들어와도 괜찮아요/돼요/좋아요.Äã¿ÉÒÔ½øÈ¥¡£
May I go in ?
- You must not go in. (You shouldn't go in.)
- You may go in.  
떠들면 안 돼요.  You must not make noise. Äã²»ÄÜÖÆÔìÔëÒô¡£
(You shouldn't make noise.)
지각하면 안 돼요.  Don't be late. (You shouldn't be late.) ²»Äܳٵ½¡£

¡¡ ¡¡¡¡¹ßÓÃÐÍ '-기로 하다' ³£Ó붯´ÊÁ¬Óã¬Ï൱ÓÚÖÐÎĵġ®¾ö¶¨×÷ʲô¡¯£¬¡®´òËã×÷ʲô¡¯¡£¾äβ '-기로-하다'(Ç°ÃæÊDZíʾ¶¯×÷µÄ¶¯´Ê)±íʾ´ÓÁ½¸ö»ò¸ü¶àµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔÖÐѡһ¸ö»ò¾ö¶¨£¬»òÕߏı伯»®¡£Õâ¸ö¹ßÓÃÐͲ»³£ÒÔ '-기로' ×÷½á⣬¶øÒÔ '하다' ×÷½áβ¡£

계획표에 따라 식사량을 줄이기로 했어요. ¾ö¶¨°´Õռƻ®±í¼õÉÙʳÁ¿ÁË¡£
한아영 씨와 만나기로 했습니다.  ¾ö¶¨ºÍº«ÑÇÓ¢¼ûÃæÁË¡£
그와 함께 식사하기로 했습니다.  ¾ö¶¨ºÍËûÒ»Æð³Ô·¹ÁË¡£
The pattern ¡®-면 안 되다' ...µÄ»°²»ÐС£  

For the negative answer to a request for permission, you have to use the pattern '-(으면 안 되다.' '-으면 안 되다' is used after verb stems ending in a consonant except 'ㄷ', -면 안 되다' is used after verb stems ending in a vowel : an consonant 'ㄷ'.
¶ÔÇëÇóͬÒâµÄ·ñ¶¨»Ø´ðʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇÓô˸ñʽ¡£'-으면 안 되다' ÓÃÔÚ¶¯´ÊβÒôΪ³ýÁË'ㄷ'µÄ¸¨Òôʱ£¬ -면 안 되다' ÓÃÔÚ¶¯´ÊβÒôΪԪÒôºÍ¸¨Òô'ㄷ'ʱ¡£
  들어가도 괜찮아요?ÎÒ½øÈ¥¿ÉÒÔô£¿
- 아니오, 들어오면 안 돼요.²»¿ÉÒÔ£¬½øÈ¥µÄ»°²»ÐС£
- 네, 들어와도 괜찮아요/돼요/좋아요.Äã¿ÉÒÔ½øÈ¥¡£
May I go in ?
- You must not go in. (You shouldn't go in.)
- You may go in.  
떠들면 안 돼요.  You must not make noise. Äã²»ÄÜÖÆÔìÔëÒô¡£
(You shouldn't make noise.)
지각하면 안 돼요.  Don't be late. (You shouldn't be late.) ²»Äܳٵ½¡£
4Â¥2006-04-03 12:20:33
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

llljjj999

Òø³æ (СÓÐÃûÆø)

The pattern `-(으ㄹ 때' is used to express the time when something takes place or exists. When the two actions happen at the same time, past tense is not expressed with this pattern. But if the action of the `-ㄹ 때' clause happened before the action of the nexe clause, past tense should be expressed in the `-ㄹ때' clause. This pattern is used with all verbs and adjectives but `이다' can be used only in the past tense, not in the present tense. '-을때' is used after verb stems ending in a consonant, '-ㄹ때' is used after verb stems ending in a vowel.
´Ë¸ñʽÓÃÀ´±íʾijÊ·¢Éú»ò´æÔÚµÄʱ¼ä¡£µ±Á½¸ö¶¯×÷ͬʱ¼ä·¢ÉúµÄʱºò£¬´Ë¸ñʽ²»±íʾ¹ýȥʽ¡£µ«Êǵ±ÓÐ`-ㄹ 때' µÄ¾ä×ӵ͝×÷·¢ÉúÔÚÏÂÒ»¸ö¾ä×Ó¶¯×÷µÄÇ°ÃæÊ±£¬¹ýȥʽӦ¸ÃÔÚ`-ㄹ 때' ÖÐÌåÏÖ³öÀ´¡£´Ë¸ñʽÓë¸÷ÖÖ¶¯´ÊºÍÐÎÈÝ´ÊÁ¬Ó㬵«ÊÇ이다'Ö»ÄÜÓÃÓÚ¹ýȥʱ£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÏÖÔÚʱ¡£µ±¶¯´ÊβÒôÊǸ¨ÒôµÄʱºòÓÃ'-을때' £¬µ±¶¯´ÊβÒôÊÇÔªÒôµÄʱºòÓÃ`-ㄹ때' ¡£
그분이 떠날 때, 같이 갑시다.  When he leaves, let's go together. µ±Ëû×ßµÄʱºò£¬ÎÒÃÇÒ²Ò»Æð×ß¡£
날씨가 좋을 때, 여행을 가겠습니다.  When the weather is good,
I will take a trip. ÌìÆøºÃµÄ»°£¬ÎÒҪȥÂÃÐС£
제가 한국에 갔을 때, 날씨가 아주 추웠어요.  When I went to Korea, it was very cold.ÎÒÈ¥º«¹úµÄÄǸöʱºò£¬ÌìÆø·Ç³£Àä¡£  
제가 학교에 갔을 때, 김선생님은 안 계셨어요.  When I went to school,
Mr. Kim was not there. ÎÒÈ¥ÉÏѧµÄʱºò£¬½ðÏÈÉú²»ÔÚ¡£
내가 중학생이었을 때, 그곳에 갔어요.  When I was a middle school student,
I went there. µ±ÎÒ»¹ÊÇÖÐѧÉúµÄʱºò£¬ÎÒÈ¥¹ýÄÇÀï¡£


This pattern can be followed by any of the particles such as `-이/가, -을/를, -에, -도, -마다, -까지, -부터, etc..  ´Ë¸ñʽºó¿ÉÒÔ½Ó `-이/가, -을/를, -에, -도, -마다, -까지, -부터, µÈ´Ê¡£
학교에 갈 때가 되었어요. It's time to go to school.µ½ÉÏѧµÄʱ¼äÁË¡£
(The time that we go to school came)  
한국에 올 때마다 한국 음식을 먹어요. Whenever I come to Korea, I eat Korean food. ÿµ±ÎÒÀ´º«¹ú£¬ÎÒ¶¼³Ôº«Ê³¡£
이 일은 시작할 때부터 끝날 때까지
기분이 좋았어요. From the time that I began this work,
to the time that I finished, I felt good.  ´Ó¹¤×÷Ò»¿ªÊ¼µ½¹¤×÷½áÊøÎÒµÄÐÄÇé¶¼ºÜºÃ¡£
The Pattern ¡®-고 있다' : (someone) is doing (something) ijÈËÔÚ×öijÊÂ

The pattern '-고 있다` is used to indicate a kind of process or continuing action.  ´Ë¸ñʽ±í´ïÒ»ÖÖ¹ý³Ì»òÁ¬ÐøµÄ¶¯×÷¡£
뭘 하고 있어요 ?  What are you doing now ? ÄãÏÖÔÚÔÚ×öʲô£¿
- 한국어 공부를 하고 있어요.  - I'm studying Korean.  ÎÒÔÚѧϰº«¹úÓï¡£
- 친구를 기다리고 있어요.  - I'm waiting for my friends.  ÎÒÔÚµÈÎÒµÄÅóÓÑ¡£


Tense and negation are expressed in the verb ¡®있다'.
ʱ̬ºÍ·ñ¶¨¶¼ÔÚ¶¯´Ê¡®있다'ÖÐÌåÏÖ¡£
친구를 기다리고 있었어요. I was waiting for my friends.ÄÇʱÎÒÔÚµÈÎÒµÄÅóÓÑ¡£
친구를 기다리고 있을 거예요. I will be waiting for my friends. ÎÒ½«ÒªµÈÎÒµÄÅóÓÑ¡£


There are two ways to express negation.  ÓÐÁ½ÖÖ±íʾ·ñ¶¨µÄ·½·¨¡£
친구를 기다리고 있어요 ?  Are you waiting for your friends?
ÄãÔÚµÈÅóÓÑô£¿
- 아니오, 친구를 안 기다리고 있어요.  - No, I'm not waiting for my friends.  Ã»£¬ÎÒûÔÚµÈÎÒµÄÅóÓÑ¡£
- 아니오, 친구를 기다리고 있지 않아요.  - No, I'm not waiting for my friends. û£¬ÎÒûÔÚµÈÎÒµÄÅóÓÑ¡£


Sometimes, this pattern is used with the honorific '계시다' to address or refer to persons of superior social standing, like older people, teachers, etc.  
ÓеÄʱºò´Ë¸ñʽÓÃ×ð³Æ'계시다'À´±íʾ»ò³Æºô±È×Ô¼ºÖ°Î»¸ßÄêÁä´ó»òÉç»áµØÎ»¸ßµÄÈË£¬È磬ÀÏʦµÈ¡£
누구를 기다리고 계세요?  Who are you waiting for? ÄúÔÚµÈË­£¿
아버지는 주무시고 계세요.  My father is sleeping. ÎҵİְÖÔÚ˯¾õ¡£
무엇을 하고 계셨어요?  What were you doing? ÄúÄÇʱÔÚ×öʲô£¿
무엇을 하고 계실 거예요?  What are you going to do? ÄúÒ»»á×öʲô£¿


However, this pattern can have two different meanings when used with verbs dealing with items of clothing : 입다, 쓰다, 신다. ect.  
È»¶ø£¬´Ë¸ñʽÓë±íʾÒ·þµÄ´Ê£¬Èç입다, 쓰다, 신다µÈÁ¬ÓõÄʱºò¿ÉÒÔÓÃÁ½ÖÖÒâ˼¡£
그 사람은 모자를 쓰고 있어요.  He is putting on a hat.ËûÔÚ´÷ñ×Ó¡£
Or, he has a hat on. Ëû´÷×Åñ×Ó¡£


This pattern is often used to express an action which started in the past and is still going on.
´Ë¸ñʽ»¹³£ÓÃÔÚÔÚ¹ýÈ¥·¢ÉúµÄ¶¯×÷µ«Ò»Ö±³ÖÐøµ½ÏÖÔÚµÄÇé¿öÖС£  
이 회사에서 십 년 동안 일하고 있어요.  I've been working at this company for the past ten years. ÔÚ¹ýÈ¥µÄÎåÄêÖÐÎÒÒ»Ö±ÔÚÕâ¸ö¹«Ë¾¹¤×÷¡££¨ÏÖÔÚÒ²»¹ÔÚÕâÀ﹤×÷¡££©
The contract forms of indirect discourse:'-(ㄴ대요' : They(He/She) say(s) that ¼ä½ÓÒýÓËû£¨Ëý¡¢ËûÃÇ£©Ëµ...
   
In the case of casual speech, the indirect form '-(다/라/자고 하다' can be contracted into the form of '-대요 / -래요 / -재요' in the present tense, and '-댔어요/랬어요/쟀어요' in the past tense. For example :
¾ÍÒ»°ãÇé¿öÀ´½²£¬¼ä½ÓÐÎʽ'-(다/라/자고 하다'¿ÉÒÔËõд³É'-대요 / -래요 / -재요'£¬Èç¹ûÊÇÒ»°ãÏÖÔÚʱ£¬Èç¹ûʽ¹ýȥʱ¾ÍËõд³É'-댔어요/랬어요/쟀어요' ¡£ÈçÒÔÏÂÀý×Ó£º   
Declarative ³ÂÊö¾ä
   1. A says that ¡°한국말이 쉽습니다(Korean is easy).¡±A˵£º¡°º«¹úÓï¼òµ¥¡£¡±  
  A가 한국말이 쉽다고 해요. (A says that Korean is easy.)A˵º«¹úÓï¼òµ¥¡£
  A가 한국말이 쉽대요. (Present tense)A˵º«¹úÓï¼òµ¥¡££¨ÏÖÔÚʱ£©
2. A said that ¡°한국말이 쉽습니다(Korean is easy).¡±AÔø¾­Ëµ¹ý£º¡°º«¹úÓï¼òµ¥¡£¡±
  A가 한국말이 쉽다고 했어요. (A said that Korean is easy.)A˵¹ýº«¹úÓï¼òµ¥¡£
  A가 한국말이 쉽댔어요. (Past tense)A˵¹ýº«¹úÓï¼òµ¥¡£ £¨¹ýȥʱ£©


   
Imperatives ÃüÁî¾ä
   1. A order that ¡°밖으로 나가라(Go out)!¡±AÃüÁî˵£º¡°³öÈ¥£¡¡±
  A가 밖으로 나가라고 해요. (A orders to go out.)AÏÂÃüÁî˵³öÈ¥¡£
  A가 밖으로 나가대요. (Present tense) AÏÂÃüÁî˵³öÈ¥¡££¨ÏÖÔÚʱ£©
2. A ordered that ¡°밖으로 나가라(Go out)!¡±AÔøÏ¹ýÃüÁî˵£º¡°³öÈ¥£¡¡±   
  A가 밖으로 나가라고 했어요. (A ordered to go out.) AÔøÏ¹ýÃüÁî˵³öÈ¥¡£
  A가 밖으로 나가랬어요. (Past tense)AÔøÏ¹ýÃüÁî˵³öÈ¥¡££¨¹ýȥʱ£©
5Â¥2006-04-03 12:21:06
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

llljjj999

Òø³æ (СÓÐÃûÆø)

Propositives ¹²¶¯¾ä
   1. A suggest that ¡°학교에 같이 가자(Please go to school together).¡±
A½¨Òé˵£º¡°Ò»ÆðÈ¥ÉÏѧ°É¡£¡±
  A가 학교에 같이 가자고 해요. (A suggests to go to school together.)
A˵һÆðÈ¥ÉÏѧ°É¡£  
  A가 학교에 같이 가재요. (Present tense)
A˵һÆðÈ¥ÉÏѧ°É¡££¨ÏÖÔÚʱ£©
2. A suggested that ¡°학교에 같이 가자(Please go to school together).¡±
AÔø½¨Òé¹ý£º¡°Ò»ÆðÈ¥ÉÏѧ¡£¡±
  A가 학교에 같이 가자고 했어요. (A suggested to go to school together.)
A˵¹ýÒ»ÆðÈ¥ÉÏѧ°É¡£  
  A가 학교에 같이 가쟀어요. (Past tense)
A˵¹ýÒ»ÆðÈ¥ÉÏѧ°É¡££¨¹ýȥʱ£©
Verb'이다' : to be ¶¯´Ê£ºÊÇ
   
'이다' is the form which links a subject with its predicate, indicating equality or identification.Õâ¸ö´ÊÊÇÓÃÀ´Á¬½ÓÖ÷ÓïºÍËüµÄÏÈÐдʵ쬱íʾµÈͬ»ò±íÃ÷Éí·Ý¡£
If this form is attached to the noun, there can be no pause or space between it and the Noun. It is pronounced like a part of the Noun.
It has two different forms '-예요' and '-이에요'. '-예요' is used when the Noun ends with a vowel, and '-이에요' is used when the Noun ends with a consonant.
Èç¹ûÕâ¸ö´Ê¸úÔÚÃû´ÎµÄºóÃæ£¬ÄÇôÕâ¸ö´ÊºÍÃû´Ê¼äûÓпÕ϶¡£Ëü±»¿´×÷ÊÇÃû´ÊµÄÒ»²¿·Ö¡£Õâ¸ö´ÊÓÐÁ½ÖÖÐÎʽ£¬'-예요'ºÍ'-이에요'.ǰÕßÓÃÓÚβÒôΪԪÒôµÄÇé¿öÖУ¬ºóÕßÓÃÓÚβÒôΪ¸¨ÒôµÄÇé¿öÖС£
   
   È磺
   
   안나 + -예요 --> 안나예요. Êǰ²ÄÈ¡£
  
책상 + -이에요 --> 책상이에요. ÊÇÊé×À¡£
Verb '아니다' : not to be ²»ÊÇ
   
This word is used for making negatives. You have already studied '이다` which indicates equality or identification. The '이다' is attached directly to a noun, and is pronounced as one word with the noun. When you make the negative construction of '이다', the subject marker '-이/가' is attached directly to the noun, and then followed by the negative verb '아니다'. ´Ë´ÊÓÃÀ´±íʾ·ñ¶¨¡£ÎÒÃÇÉÏÃæ½²¹ýÁ˶¯´Ê¡°ÊÇ¡±µÄÓ÷¨¡£µ±ÎÒÃÇÏë±í´ï¡°ÊÇ¡±µÄ·ñ¶¨ÐÎʽʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇÔÚÖ÷ÓïºóÃæ¼ÓÉÏ Ìå´Ê'-이/가'£¬È»ºó½ÓÉÏ '아니다'.
  È磺
   이것이 의자예요. <--->  이것이 의자가 아니예요.
   ÕâÊÇÒÎ×Ó¡£                           Õâ²»ÊÇÒÎ×Ó¡£
제가 서울사람이에요. <--->  제가 서울사람이 아니예요.
ÎÒÊǺº³ÇÈË¡£                        ÎÒ²»ÊǺº³ÇÈË¡£
Verb '있다/없다' : to be/not to be ÓÐ/ûÓÐ
   
The verb `있다' indicates existence, location or possession. The opposite verb is `없다'. µÚÒ»¸ö¶¯´Ê±íʾ´æÔÚ£¬Î»ÖûòËùÓС£·´Òå´ÊÊǺóÕß¡£
   
(Possesion) ËùÓÐ
   동생 있어요? 네, 동생이 있어요. ÓеܵÜô£¿Êǵģ¬ÓС£
Do you have a younger brother? Yes, I have a younger brother.
  
아니오, 동생이 없어요. 그런데 언니는 있어요¡£²»£¬Ã»Óеܵܡ£²»¹ý£¬Óнã½ã¡£
   No, I don't have a younger brother.
But I have an older sister.  

   
(Location) µØÀíλÖÃ
   교실에 책상이 있어요? 네, 책상이 있어요.
½ÌÊÒÀïÓÐ×À×Óô£¿Êǵģ¬ÓÐ×À×Ó¡£
Is there a desk in the classroom? Yes, there is a desk (in the classroom)
  
   아니오, 책상이 없어요. 의자는 있어요.
²»£¬Ã»ÓÐ×À×Ó¡£ÓÐÒÎ×Ó¡£
   No, there is not a desk (in the classroom).
But there is a chair.
제일/가장 : the most ×î
   
While the comparative marker is attached to nouns, superlative sentences are made by putting the word '가장/제일' before adjectives, noun modifiers or adverbs. ×î¸ß¼¶µÄ¾ä×Ó¾ÍÊÇÔÚÐÎÈÝ´Ê¡¢¸±´Ê»òÐÞÊÎÃû´ÊµÄ´Êǰ¼ÓÉÏ'가장/제일'
   
   그게 제일(가장 예뻐요. That one is the prettiest.ÄǸöÊÇ×îÆ¯ÁÁµÄ¡£
  
이게 제일(가장 작은 연필이에요. This is the smallest pencil.Õâ¸öÊÇ×îСµÄǦ±Ê¡£
  
그분이 제일(가장 잘 가르쳐요. He teaches best of all.
(He is the best teacher.) Ëû½ÌµÄ×îºÃ¡££¨ËûÊÇ×îºÃµÄÀÏʦ¡££©
  
안나가 제일(가장 커요. Anna is the biggest. °²ÄÈÊÇ×î´óµÄ¡£
Adverb '안' : do not ¸±´Ê£º²»
   
The adverb '안' is used to express the negative and means 'do not'. '안' is put before the verb. ¸±´Ê'안'ÓÃÀ´±íʾ·ñ¶¨¡£·ÅÔÚ¶¯´ÊµÄÇ°Ãæ¡£
   
   학교에  안 갔어요. ²»È¥ÉÏѧ¡£
  
점심을  안 먹었어요.  ²»³ÔÎç·¹¡£

   
   
5. Adverb '못' : but cannot ¸±´Ê£ºµ«ÊDz»ÄÜ
   
The adverb '못' is used with action verbs, and means impossibility or strong denial and refusal. ´Ë¸±´ÊºÍ±íʾ¶¯×÷µÄ¶¯´ÊÁ¬Óã¬Òâ˼ÊDz»¿ÉÄÜÐÔ»òÕßÇ¿Áҵľܾø¡£
   
   파티에 못 갔어요. ûÄÜÈ¥²Î¼ÓÍí»á¡£

형을 못 만났어요. ûÄܺ͸ç¸ç¼ûÃæ¡£
The Words '씩' : each/respectively ÿ¸ö

This Suffix ¡®-씩' is used to indicate distribution and is attached to numbers and any counting classifier.Õâ¸öºó׺ÓÃÀ´±íʾ·Ö·¢·ÖÅ䣬ÓÃÔÚÊý×ֺͱíʾÊýÄ¿´ÊµÄºóÃæ¡£   
사과를 하나씩 먹어요. We eat apples one by one.ÎÒÃÇÒ»¸ö½ÓÒ»¸öµÃ³ÔÆ»¹û¡£
매일 두 시간씩 공부해요. I study two hours every day. ÎÒÿÌìѧϰ2¸öСʱ¡£
이 사과를 한 개씩 주세요. Give one apple each. ÿÖÖÆ»¹û¸øÎÒÄÃÒ»¸ö¡£
The pattern '-(으ㄹ 계기로' by a chance of; With a starting; With a beginning ÒòΪ..»ú»á£»  
The pattern '-(으ㄹ 계기로' follows noun or nominalized forms. It means that the noun before it is the
cause or motivation of the following sentence. It's meaning is similar to '-(으ㄹ 원인으로 하여', '- 때문에'
´Ë¸ñʽ½ÓÔÚÃû´Ê»òÕßת»¯ÎªÃû´ÊµÄÐÎʽºó¡£Òâ˼ÊǸñʽǰµÄÃû´ÊÊǽÓÏÂÀ´¾ä×ÓµÄÔ­ÒòºÍ¶¯Á¦¡£ËüºÍ '-(으ㄹ 원인으로 하여', '- 때문에'Òâ˼Ïà½ü¡£
   예 큰 교통사고를 계기로 삶에 대하여 다시 생각하게 되었어요.  
        With the big traffic accident, I became to think about my life seriously again.  
ÀýÈ磺ÒòΪһ³¡ÖØ´óµÄ½»Í¨Ê¹ʣ¬ÎÒÓÖ¿ªÊ¼ÈÏÕæµÄ˼¿¼ÎÒµÄÉú»îÁË¡£
        그는 병에 걸린 것을 계기로 술을 끊었습니다. On falling ill, he gave up drinking.  
ÒòΪËûµÄ²¡£¬Ëû½ä¾ÆÁË¡£
The connective '-아(어/여야지' (It) must...  Á¬´Ê£¬±ØÐë....
The connective brings out a sense of urgency or immediacy-that a bad or unpleasant result will  
occur, if an obligatory action isn't carried out. The English equivalent of this pattern is 'one must do  
(so-and-so), otherwise one won't be able to do (so-and-so)' or 'it must be..., otherwise it can't be...'.
Õâ¸ö¸ñʽ±íʾµÄÊÇÈç¹ûij¸ö±ØÐë×öµÄÐж¯Ã»Óи¶ÖîµÄ»°£¬»áÓв»ºÃµÄ½á¹û³öÏÖ¡£ÓëÓ¢ÓïÖеġ°Ä³È˱ØÐë×ö...£¬·ñÔò²»¿ÉÄÜ×ö...¡±»òÕß¡°±ØÐëÊÇ...£¬·ñÔò²»ÄÜÊÇ...¡±
6Â¥2006-04-03 12:21:20
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

llljjj999

Òø³æ (СÓÐÃûÆø)

This connective '-아(어/여)야지' may be followed by '그렇지 않으면', or the conditional negative forms  
'-지 않으면' or '-(으)면 안 되다'.
´ËÁ¬´Êºó¿ÉÒÔ½Ó '그렇지 않으면'£¬»òÕß'-지 않으면' or '-(으)면 안 되다'.
예) 공부는 재미있어야지 그렇지 않으면 (재미없으면) 할 필요가 없어요.  
        Studying should be exciting, otherwise you don't need to study.
ÀýÈ磺ѧϰӦ¸ÃÓÐȤ²ÅÐУ¬·ñÔò£¨Ã»ÓÐÀÖȤµÄ»°£©¾Íû±ØÒªÑ§Ï°ÁË¡£  
        지금 가야지, 지금 가지 않으면 그분을 만나지 못해요.
        You must go now; if you don't, you won't be able to meet him.
        ÏÖÔÚ±ØÐëµÃ×ߣ¬Èç¹û²»×ߵϰ£¬Äã¾Í²»Äܼûµ½ËûÁË¡£
The pattern '-다시피': as, like Èç...£¬Ïñ...


The pattern '-다시피' is usually used with the verbs describing experience or perception, such as '알다, 보다, 듣다'. It means 'as' or 'like'. The second clause confirms what is stated or implies in the first clause.
´Ë¸ñʽÓëÃèÊö¾­Ñé»ò¸Ð¾õ¡¢ÁìÎòµÄ¶¯´ÊÈç'알다ÖªµÀ, 보다¿´, 듣다Ìý'Á¬Óã¬Òâ˼ÊÇÈç...£¬Ïñ..¡£µÚ¶þ¸ö¾ä×ÓÈ·ÈϵÚÒ»¸ö¾ä×ÓÖгÂÊöµÄ»ò°µÊ¾µÄ¡£

  예) 당신도 알다시피 저는 아주 바빠요. As you know, I'm very busy.
  ÀýÈ磺ÈçÄãËùÖªµÀµÄ£¬Îҷdz£Ã¦¡£
      너는 듣다시피 우리 혜어졌어요.
        ÈçÄãÌýµ½µÄ£¬ÎÒÃÇ·ÖÊÖÁË¡£
The pattern '-(으)ㄴ/는 김에': since there is a chance to...; as long as
¼ÈÈ»Óлú»á...£»Ö»Òª

This pattern '-(으)ㄴ/는 김에' describes the first clause is usually an opportunity or a chance for the content of the second clause. It is similar to the meaning of 'since there is a chance to...', 'as long as'. '-(으)ㄴ' expresses the time is past and '-는' is present.
´Ë¸ñʽ±íʾµÄÊÇ£ºµÚÒ»¸ö¾ä×Óͨ³£Êǵڶþ¸ö¾ä×ÓÄÚÈÝ·¢ÉúµÄÒ»¸ö»ú»á ¡£Òâ˼ºÍ£º¼ÈÈ»Óлú»á....£¬»òÕßÖ»Òª....¡£-(으)ㄴ±íʾ¹ýȥʽ£¬는±íʾÏÖÔÚʱ¡£
  예) 미국에 온 김에 구경도 하고 갈 거예요. Since I am here in the USA, I will go sightseeing
       before I leave.
È磺¼ÈÈ»ÎÒÏÖÔÚÔÚÃÀ¹ú£¬ÔÚÎÒÀ뿪ÕâÀï֮ǰÎÒÒª¶à¶à¹Û¹âһϡ£
   한국말 공부하는 김에 친구도 많이 사귀해요.
    ³ÃÎÒѧϰº«¹úÓïµÄ»ú»á£¬ÎÒÒ²½»Á˺ܶàÅóÓÑ¡£
The connective '-다니' Á¬´Ê

The connective '-다니' is used for expressing the reason or cause, and precedes expressions of surprise such as '웬일이에요/ 웬일이니?, 깜짝 놀랐어요.' etc,.
´ËÁ¬´ÊÓÃÓÚ±í´ïÔ­Òò£¬È»ºóºóÃæ½ÓµÄ¶¼ÊDZíʾ¾ªÑȵľä×Ó£¬È磺'웬일이에요/ 웬일이니?,£¨Ê²Ã´Ê¶ù°¡£¿£© 깜짝 놀랐어요.'£¨ÈÃÎÒ×Åʵ³ÔÁËÒ»¾ª£© etc,.
예) 저한테 전화를 하다니 웬일이세요? I am surprised that you are calling me.Äã¸øÎÒ´òµç»°ÈÃÎÒºÜÊǾªÑÈ¡£
예) 그분이 돌아가시다니 깜짝 놀랐어요. I was surprised to hear that he died. Ìýµ½ËûÈ¥ÊÀµÄÏûÏ¢ÎҺܳԾª¡£
The pattern 'Interrogative + -(으)ㄹ지 모르겠다'
¸ñʽ£ºÒÉÎÊ´Ê/ÒÉÎʾä+-(으)ㄹ지 모르겠다'
This pattern is used for expressing that the speaker can't decide a certain action. ´Ë¸ñʽÓÃÀ´±í´ï˵»°ÈËÔÚÄ³Ò»ÌØ¶¨µÄÐж¯ÉÏÎÞ·¨×ö³ö¾ö¶Ï¡£

예) 무엇을 먹을지(먹어야 할지) 모르겠어요. I can't decide what I should eat. ÎÒÎÞ·¨¾ö¶¨ÎÒÓ¦¸Ã³Ôʲô¡£

예) 언제 가야 할지 모르겠어요. I can't decide when I should go.
ÎÒÎÞ·¨¾ö¶¨ÎÒ¸Ãʲôʱºò×ß¡£
The sentence ending '-잖아(요)'
¾äβʽ  
This ending is used for expressing a tag question for confirming the fact of a sentence. This is the contracted form of '-지 않아(요)'.
´Ë½áβ´ÊÓÃÀ´±íʾȷÈϾä×ÓÖгÂÊöµÄÊÂʵµÄ¸½¼Ó¾ä¡£Óë'-지 않아(요)ÊÇÏà·´µÄ¸ñʽ¡£
예) 네가 그 일을 한다고 했잖아. (I'm sure that) You have said to do that.
ÎÒÈ·ÐÅÄã˵¹ýÒª×öÄǼþʵġ£
예) 그 음식은 안나 씨가 주문했잖아요. Anna, you ordered that food, didn't you? °²ÄÈ£¬ÄãµãµÄÄǸö²Ë£¬²»ÊÇô£¿
The pattern '-(으)ㄹ 뻔하다': almost --- but
¸ñʽ£º¼¸ºõ...£¬µ«ÊÇ....

'-(으)ㄹ 뻔하다' indicates the past possibility of the main verb almost taking place but not doing the action. Since the past possibility is conceived, it always combines with the past form of '-았(었/였)'
´Ë¸ñʽ±íʾ¶¯´ÊÔÚ¹ýÈ¥Óз¢ÉúµÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ£¬µ«ÊǶ¯×÷²¢Ã»Óз¢Éú¡£¼ÈÈ»´Ë¸ñʽ´øÓйýÈ¥µÄ¿ÉÄÜÐÔµÄÒâ˼£¬ËùÒԴ˸ñʽ×ÜÊÇÓÚ±íʾ¹ýȥʽµÄ '-았(었/였)' Á¬Óá£
  ÀýÈ磺예) 어제 계단에서 넘어질 뻔했습니다. I almost fell off the stairs yesterday. ×òÌìÎÒ¼¸ºõ´ÓÂ¥ÌÝÉÏˤÏÂÀ´¡£

        그 분을 만날 뻔했는데 못 만났습니다. I could have met him/ her, but I didn't. ÎÒÄÜÓöÉÏËûµÄ£¬µ«ÊÇÎÒûÓÐÓöµ½¡£
-ㄹ 까요

¡¡ ¡¡¡¡-ㄹ 까요ÓÃÓÚÎʶԷ½µÄ¹Ûµã£¬Òâ¼û»ò¶ÔÓÚijÊÂÎïºÍÊÂʵÆÀ¼ÛµÄʱºò¡£Ò²¿ÉÒÔºÍÓж¯´ÊÁ¬Óá£

우리 다른 데서 만날까요? ÎÒÃÇÔÚ±ðµÄµØ·½¼ûÃæÔõôÑù£¿

어느 예금의 이율이 가장 높은지 물어 볼까요? ¿ÉÒÔÎÊÎÊÄÇÖÖÔ¤½ðµÄÀûÂÊ×î¸ßô£¿

9시까지 도착할 수 있을까요? 9µã¿ÉÒÔµ½Ã´£¿
'-으시-'ÔÚº«¹úÓïÖÐÔÚ»°Õß¶ÔÓÚÆä¶¯×÷µÄ·¢³öÕß»òÆä״̬µÄ±£ÓÐÕß±íʾ
¡¡¡¡×ð¾´µÄʱºò³£Óà -시-¡£

¡¡ ÓÃÕâÖÖ´ÊÓïʱ¶Ô×Ô¼ºÒªÓñíʾǫ¹§µÄ´ÊÓ»òÓëËüÏàÓ¦µÄ¹ßÓ÷¨¡£ÕâЩ´ÊÓï¶¼½Ð¾´Óï¡£ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇ¿´Ò»Ï¾´Óï '-시-'¡£

(1) ´ó²¿·Ö¶¯´ÊûÓÐÌØ¶¨¾´ÓÕâʱ°É '-시/으시-'ÔÚ¶¯´Ê´Ê¸ÉºÍ´ÊβÖм䡣

(2) ¾´ÓïµÄ±íÏÖÓÐÈçϱíÏÖ·½·¨£»

a.'-시-'ÔÚÒÔÔªÒôΪ½áβµÄ¶¯´Ê´Ê¸ÉºóÃæ¡£

b. '-으시-'ÔÚÒÔ¸¨Òôλ½áβµÄ¶¯´Ê´Ê¸ÉºóÃæ¡£

(3) ¾´Óï '-시-'¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ¼¸ÖÖ±íÏÖ·½·¨¡£

그러시다면 다음에 제가 빵을 사겠습니다. ÕæÊÇÄÇÑùµÄ»°£¬Ï´ÎÎÒÂòÃæ°ü¡£

옆 교실에서 수업 중이니, 조용히 하십시요. ÅԱߵĽÌÊÒÔÚÉϿΣ¬Çë°²¾²¡£
-나 보다¡¡ ºÃÏñ£»

¡¡ ¡¡¡¡'-나 보다' Õâ¸ö¹ßÓÃÐÍ¿ÉÓÃÓÚËùÓж¯´Ê¡£ËüÓÃÓÚ»°Õß´¦ÓÚÖ¤¾Ý²»×ãµÄʱºòËù·¢±íµÄÒâ¼û»ò½áÂÛ¡£ËüÒ²³£ÓÃÓÚÖ®ÄÑÒÔÔ¤¼ûµÄÊÂÎï¡£'-나 보다' Õâ¸ö¹ßÓÃÐÔÓ붯´ÊµÄÏÖÔÚʽ»ò¹ýȥʽÁ¬Óá£(È»¶ø£¬ÐðÊö¸ñ -이다ÓÃÕâ¸ö¹ßÓÃÐÔµÄʱºòÖ»ÓÃÓÚ¹ýȥʽ¡£) '(으)려나보다'³£ÓÃÓÚ±íʾδÀ´Òª·¢ÉúµÄÊÂÇé¡£'-나 보다'µÄÖ÷ÓïÓ¦ÊǵÚÈýÈ˳ơ£

소화가 잘 되지 않나 봐요. ºÃÏñÊÇÏû»¯²»ºÃ¡£
오늘은 수업이 없나 봅니다. ½ñÌìºÃÏñûÓпΡ£
남동생의 시력이 꽤 나빠졌나 보다.µÜµÜµÄÊÓÁ¦ºÃÏñϽµÁ˺ܶࡣ£¨±ä»µÁ˺ࣩܶ
-지요

¡¡  ¡¡¡¡¾´Óï¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÒÔ '-아(-어, -여)' Ìæ»» '-요' Ç°ÃæµÄ '-지' À´¸øÒÔС±ä»¯¡£'-지요' Ê«´Ê⣬¿ÉÓ붯´ÊÁ¬Óã¬Ò²¿ÉºÍ '-있어요' »ò '-이에요' Á¬Óá£Ëü¿ÉÓÃÓڿ϶¨¾ä£¬ÃüÁî¾ä£¬½¨Òé¾ä£¬ÒÉÎʾ䡣

(1)
Ôڿ϶¨¾äÖг£ÓÃËüÀ´ÌṩÏûÏ¢¡£

(2)
ÔÚÃüÁî¾äºÍ±íʾ½¨ÒéµÄ¾ä×ÓÖÐ '-지' µÄ·¢ÒôÌØ±ð¶Ì£¬»¹Óж¯´ÊÊǾ´ÓïµÄʱºòÒªÓñíʾǫ¹§µÄ´ÊÓï¡£

(3)
ÔÚÒÉÎʾäÖÐ '-지' ÓÐʱ±íʾ±È½ÏÈõµÄÒÉÎÊ»òÍÆ²âµÄÓïÆø¡£

(4) ÎÊijÈË×Ô¼ºµÄÇé¿öʱºò³£Óà '-아요', ¶ø²»Óà '-지요' µÄÐÎʽ¡£ÒòΪ '-지요' ÔÚËùÓеľäÐÍÖж¼Ò»Ñù£¬ËùÒÔ×îºóµÄÒô½ÚµÄÓï´ÊÌØ±ðÖØÒª¡£

언제 한국에 오셨지요? ʲôʱºòÀ´º«¹úµÄ£¿언제 한국에 오셨어요?ʲôʱºòÀ´º«¹úµÄ¡£
커피는 마셨지요. ¸ÃºÈ¿§·ÈµÄ¡£커피는 마셨어요. ÎҺȹý¿§·ÈÁË¡£
한국에는 산이 많지.º«¹úµÄɽºÜ¶à¡£ 한국에는 산이 많아. º«¹úµÄɽºÜ¶à¡£
-ㄴ(은)가요

¡¡ ¡¡¡¡'-ㄴ(은)가요' ×÷½áβµÄ¾äÐÍ¿ÉÓÃÓÚÈçÏÂÁ½ÖÖÇé¿ö£ºÓëÐÎÈÝ´ÊÔÚÒ»ÆðµÄʱºòÊÇ£¬±íʾÏÖÔÚµÄʱ̬£¬Óë '-이-' Á¬ÓÃÊÇ£¬±íʾ¹ýȥʱ̬¡£±ðµÄÐÎʽ¶¼Óà '-는 가요'×÷½áβ¡£ÒÔ 'ㄴ(은,는)가요' ×÷½áβʱ¿ÉÒÔÓëÈκζ¯´ÊÁ¬Ó㬺ÍÒÔ '-나요' ×÷½áβµÄÐÎʽһÑù¡£ÕâÊÇÌáÎÊ´Ê»ò±íʾÒÉÎʵķÇÕýʽÓÃÓï¡£ÓÃÖú´Ê '-요'£¬¿ÉÒÔʹ¾ä×ӳɹ¦ÓÐÇ×ÃÜµÄ¿ÚÆø¡£Ð¡º¢×Ó»òºÃÅóÓѳ£ÓÃÕâÖÖ¹ßÓÃÐÍ¡£

냉면은 라면과 비슷한가요?  ÀäÃæºÍÀ­ÃæÏàËÆÃ´?
아영씨가 그렇게 예쁜가요?  ÑÅÓ¢ÄÇôƯÁÁô£¿
7Â¥2006-04-03 12:21:35
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû
Ïà¹Ø°æ¿éÌø×ª ÎÒÒª¶©ÔÄÂ¥Ö÷ llljjj999 µÄÖ÷Ìâ¸üÐÂ
×î¾ßÈËÆøÈÈÌûÍÆ¼ö [²é¿´È«²¿] ×÷Õß »Ø/¿´ ×îºó·¢±í
[¿¼ÑÐ] 302Çóµ÷¼Á +11 ºôºôºô¡£¡£¡£¡£ 2026-03-17 11/550 2026-03-21 08:29 by JourneyLucky
[¿¼ÑÐ] Çóµ÷¼Á +6 Mqqqqqq 2026-03-19 6/300 2026-03-21 08:04 by JourneyLucky
[¿¼ÑÐ] Äϲý´óѧ²ÄÁÏר˶311·ÖÇóµ÷¼Á +6 77chaselx 2026-03-20 6/300 2026-03-21 07:24 by JourneyLucky
[¿¼ÑÐ] 301Çóµ÷¼Á +10 yyÒªÉϰ¶Ñ½ 2026-03-17 10/500 2026-03-21 03:14 by JourneyLucky
[¿¼ÑÐ] ¶þ±¾¿ç¿¼Ö£´ó²ÄÁÏ306Ó¢Ò»Êý¶þ +3 z1z2z3879 2026-03-17 3/150 2026-03-21 02:29 by JourneyLucky
[¿¼ÑÐ] 297Çóµ÷¼Á +9 Ï·¾«µ¤µ¤µ¤ 2026-03-17 9/450 2026-03-21 01:49 by JourneyLucky
[¿¼ÑÐ] »ª¶«Ê¦·¶´óѧ-071000ÉúÎïѧ-293·Ö-Çóµ÷¼Á +3 Ñо¿ÉúºÎÑþÃ÷ 2026-03-18 3/150 2026-03-21 01:30 by JourneyLucky
[¿¼ÑÐ] 324·Ö 085600²ÄÁÏ»¯¹¤Çóµ÷¼Á +4 llllkkkhh 2026-03-18 4/200 2026-03-21 01:24 by JourneyLucky
[¿¼ÑÐ] Ò»Ö¾Ô¸Î÷ÄϽ»´ó£¬Çóµ÷¼Á +5 ²Ä»¯ÖðÃÎÈË 2026-03-18 5/250 2026-03-21 00:26 by JourneyLucky
[¿¼ÑÐ] 294Çóµ÷¼Á²ÄÁÏÓ뻯¹¤×¨Ë¶ +15 ݤÎÉ­ÁÖ 2026-03-18 15/750 2026-03-20 23:28 by JourneyLucky
[¿¼ÑÐ] 329Çóµ÷¼Á +9 ÏëÉÏѧ߹߹ 2026-03-19 9/450 2026-03-20 22:01 by luoyongfeng
[¿¼²©] ÕÐÊÕ²©Ê¿1-2ÈË +3 QGZDSYS 2026-03-18 3/150 2026-03-20 11:58 by ßÉßÉßÉßɽÐ
[ÂÛÎÄͶ¸å] ÉêÇë»Ø¸åÑÓÆÚÒ»¸öÔ£¬±à¼­Í¬ÒâÁË¡£µ«ÏµÍ³ÉϵÄʱ¼äû±ä£¬¸ø±à¼­ÓÖдÓʼþÁË£¬Ã»»Ø¸´ 10+3 wangf9518 2026-03-17 4/200 2026-03-19 23:55 by babero
[¿¼ÑÐ] 085601²ÄÁϹ¤³Ìר˶Çóµ÷¼Á +10 Ľº®mio 2026-03-16 10/500 2026-03-19 15:26 by ¶¡¶¡*
[¿¼ÑÐ] ²ÄÁÏÓ뻯¹¤Çóµ÷¼Á +7 Ϊѧ666 2026-03-16 7/350 2026-03-19 14:48 by ¾¡Ë´Ò¢1
[¿¼ÑÐ] Ò»Ö¾Ô¸985£¬±¾¿Æ211£¬0817»¯Ñ§¹¤³ÌÓë¼¼Êõ319Çóµ÷¼Á +10 Liwangman 2026-03-15 10/500 2026-03-19 10:25 by Î޼ʵIJÝÔ­
[¿¼ÑÐ] ²ÄÁÏר˶306Ó¢Ò»Êý¶þ +10 z1z2z3879 2026-03-16 13/650 2026-03-18 14:20 by 007_lilei
[¿¼ÑÐ] ÉúÎïѧ071000 329·ÖÇóµ÷¼Á +3 ÎÒ°®ÉúÎïÉúÎﰮΠ2026-03-17 3/150 2026-03-18 10:12 by macy2011
[¿¼ÑÐ] 304Çóµ÷¼Á +4 ahbd 2026-03-14 4/200 2026-03-16 16:48 by ÎҵĴ¬Îҵĺ£
[¿¼ÑÐ] 321Çóµ÷¼Á +5 ´óÃ×·¹£¡ 2026-03-15 5/250 2026-03-16 16:33 by houyaoxu
ÐÅÏ¢Ìáʾ
ÇëÌî´¦ÀíÒâ¼û