²é¿´: 900  |  »Ø¸´: 8
µ±Ç°Ö÷ÌâÒѾ­´æµµ¡£

tyshim

[½»Á÷] [ÇóÖú]FDAÅú×¼ÐÅÏ¢£¿£¿£¿

ÃÀ¹ú¸÷°æÒ©µäÉϾùÓÐÔØÆÏÌÑÌÇËá¼Ø£¨potassium gluconate)£¬´ËÒ©µÄ¸÷¼ÁÐÍÒ²ÔÚÃÀ¹úÉÏÊÐÏúÊÛ£¬µ«ÎªÊ²Ã´ÔÚFDAÍøÕ¾Éϲ鲻µ½ËüµÄÅú×¼ÐÅÏ¢£¿ÇëÇó°ïÖú£¡Äܲ»ÄÜÓÐǰ±²°ïÎÒ²éÒ»²é£¬ÕÒ³öÎÊÌâËùÔÚ£¿ÎªÎÒ½âÒÉ´ð»ó
[search]FDA[/search]
»Ø¸´´ËÂ¥
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

polycao

½ð³æ (СÓÐÃûÆø)

¡ï
karl2100(½ð±Ò+1,VIP+0):¶àлÌṩ£¡
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm
ÀïÃæÓи÷ÖÖ¼ÁÐÍ£¬µã¿ª¾Í¿´µ½ËûµÄÅú×¼ÐÅÏ¢¡£
2Â¥2008-09-25 08:15:51
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

lingahu

Í­³æ (³õÈëÎÄ̳)

¡ï
karl2100(½ð±Ò+1,VIP+0):¶àлָ½Ì£¡
ÄãÕâ¸ö²úÆ·¿Ï¶¨ÊÇÊôÓÚÔÚ1938Äêµ½1962Äê¼äδ¾­FDAÅú×¼¾Í¿ÉÒÔÉÏÊеÄIRSÒ©Æ·.ÔÚFDAÊý¾Ý¿âÊDz鲻µ½Åú×¼ÐÅÏ¢µÄ.

ÔÚ1938ÄêÒÔǰ,Ò©Æ·ÊDz»ÐèÒªFDAÅú×¼¾Í¿ÉÒÔÉÏÊеÄ,µ«ÔÚ1938Ä꿪ʼµ½1962ÄêÖ®¼ä,FDAÒªÇó±ØÐèÖ¤Ã÷ÐÂÒ©µÄ°²È«ÐÔ. ÔÚ´ËÆÚ¼ä,FDAÈç¹ûÈÏΪһ¸öÒ©Æ·ÓëÒÑÅú×¼µÄÒ©Æ·ÊÇÏàͬµÄ,Ïà¹ØµÄ,»òÀàËÆµÄ(IRS),ÕâЩIRSÒ©Æ·µÄÉÏÊоͲ»ÐèÒªµ¥¶À»ñµÃFDAµÄÅú×¼.

ÔÚ1962Äê,ÃÀ¹ú¹ú»áÒªÇó¶ÔÐÂÒ©±ØÐëÔÚÖ¤Ã÷°²È«µÄͬʱ֤Ã÷ÆäÓÐЧÐÔ,²ÅÄÜ»ñµÃFDAµÄÅú×¼.

ÃÀ¹úFDAÁªºÏ¹ú¼Ò¿ÆÑ§ÔººÍ¹ú¼ÒÑо¿Î¯Ô±(NAS/NRC)»á¹²Í¬¶Ô³¬¹ý3400ÖÖÔÚ1938ºÍ1962Äê¼äÅú×¼µÄIRSÒ©Æ·½øÐÐÆÀ¹ÀÆäÓÐЧÐÔ. ËûÃǶÔÁù¸öרҵ·½Ïò³ÉÁ¢ÁË30¸öÎÊÌâС×é,²¢ÔÚ1960Äêµ½1970Äê¼äÐγÉÁËIRSµÄÆÀ¹À±¨¸æÌá½»¸øFDA. FDA°ÑÕâЩÆÀ¹À±¨¸æ³ÆÎªDESI.DESIÊÇDrug Efficacy Study ImplementationµÄ¼òд. DESI°üÀ¨3400ÖÖ¾­¹ýNAS/NRCÆÀ¹ÀµÄÒ©Æ·ÒÔ¼°´óÁ¿Î´¾­FDAÅú×¼¾ÍÒѾ­ÉÏÊеÄIRSÒ©Æ·.

FDAÔÚ2006Äê6ÔÂ8ÈÕ·¢²¼µÄMarketed Unapproved Drugs -- Compliance Policy Guide Ö¸ÄÏÖÐÖ¸³ö,Òª¶ÔÕâЩDESI½øÐÐÓÐЧÐÔÆÀ¹À,²¢¸ù¾ÝÆÀ¹À½á¹û¾ö¶¨ÊÇ·ñÍËÊлòÖØÐÂÉ걨.
3Â¥2008-09-25 22:53:03
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

tyshim

»Ø¸´lingahu :
ÄúµÄ»Ø´ðºÜÏ꾡ºÜÈ«Ãæ£¬ÎÒÕýÏëÁ˽âÕâ·½ÃæµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬¶ÔÎÒ°ïÖúºÜ´ó¡£Ð»Ð»Äú£¡

²»¹ý£¬ÎÒÏëÎÊÄã¹ØÓÚFDAÅú×¼Ò©Æ·µÄһЩÎÊÌâ¡¢ÕâЩÎÊÌâÎÒ²éÁ˲»ÉÙ×ÊÁÏҲûŪÇå³þ£º
1£¬Èç½ñ£¬ÃÀ¹úFDA¶ÔÒ©Æ·Ïêϸ·ÖÀàÊÇÔõÑùµÄ£¿USPÉ϶ÔÊÕÔØµÄÒ©Æ·ÓÖÊÇÈçºÎ·ÖÀàµÄ£¿
2£¬USPÉÏÊÕÔØµÄÓªÑø²¹³ä¼Á(Dietary supplements)Êô²»ÊôÓÚÒ©Æ·£¿Í¬ÑùµÄ£¬ÃÀ¹úFDAÅú×¼¶¼ÊÇÒ©Æ·Âð£¿
3£¬ÃÀ¹úµÄÒ©Æ·¶¼ÓÐNDCÂð£¿NDCÓëNDAµÄÉ걨ÓÐÊ²Ã´Çø±ð£¿ÃÀ¹úFDAÅú×¼µÄÒ©Æ·µÄ¡°Åú×¼Îĺš±£¨Ï൱ÓÚÖйúµÄ¹úÒ©×¼×Ö£©ÊÇʲôÑùµÄÐÎʽ£¿
ллÄúµÄ°ïÖú
4Â¥2008-09-25 23:40:12
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

tyshim

ÒýÓûØÌû:
Originally posted by polycao at 2008-9-25 08:15:
http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/drugsatfda/index.cfm
ÀïÃæÓи÷ÖÖ¼ÁÐÍ£¬µã¿ª¾Í¿´µ½ËûµÄÅú×¼ÐÅÏ¢¡£

ÕâÊÇFDAÍøÕ¾ÉϵÄÒ³Ãæ£¬Õâ¸öÎÒµ±È»ÖªµÀÁË¡£ºÇºÇ¡£²»¹ý»¹ÊÇллÄúµÄÈÈÐÄ¡£
5Â¥2008-09-25 23:44:47
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

tyshim

ÒýÓûØÌû:
Originally posted by lingahu at 2008-9-25 22:53:
FDAÔÚ2006Äê6ÔÂ8ÈÕ·¢²¼µÄMarketed Unapproved Drugs -- Compliance Policy Guide Ö¸ÄÏÖÐÖ¸³ö,Òª¶ÔÕâЩDESI½øÐÐÓÐЧÐÔÆÀ¹À,²¢¸ù¾ÝÆÀ¹À½á¹û¾ö¶¨ÊÇ·ñÍËÊлòÖØÐÂÉ걨.

ÇëÎÊ£ºÆÏÌÑËá¼ØÆ¬Ç°¼¸ÄêÂòµ½µÄÊÇÒ©Æ·µÄ°ü×°£¬µ«½ñÄêÂòµ½µÄÍ¬Ò»Æ·ÅÆÍ¬Ò»³§¼ÒµÄÆÏÌÑÌÇËá¼ØÆ¬È´ÊÇ¡°ÓªÑøËز¹³ä¼Á¡±£¨·ÇÖÎÁƵÄÒ©Óã©¡£Õâ²»ÊÇ˵Õâ¸öÆ·ÖÖÔÚ2006ÄêµÄDESIÓÐЧÐÔÆÀ¹ÀÖÐÍËÊУ¿
6Â¥2008-09-26 00:02:02
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

lingahu

Í­³æ (³õÈëÎÄ̳)

¡ï ¡ï ¡ï ¡ï
shich68(½ð±Ò+4,VIP+0):лл½â´ð!»¶Ó­³£À´ÐÂÒ©°å¿é!
²»¹ý£¬ÎÒÏëÎÊÄã¹ØÓÚFDAÅú×¼Ò©Æ·µÄһЩÎÊÌâ¡¢ÕâЩÎÊÌâÎÒ²éÁ˲»ÉÙ×ÊÁÏҲûŪÇå³þ£º
1£¬Èç½ñ£¬ÃÀ¹úFDA¶ÔÒ©Æ·Ïêϸ·ÖÀàÊÇÔõÑùµÄ£¿USPÉ϶ÔÊÕÔØµÄÒ©Æ·ÓÖÊÇÈçºÎ·ÖÀàµÄ£¿

»Ø¸´£ºÄãÕâ¸öÎÊÌâÎʵò»Çå³þ£¬ÎÒµÄÀí½âÄãÊÇÎÊÐÂÒ©×¢²á·ÖÀà°É£¬¸ù¾ÝFFDCA¼´Áª°îʳƷ¡¢Ò©Æ·ºÍ»¯×±Æ··¨°¸ Section 505µÄ¹æ¶¨£¬ÐÂÒ©ÉêÇë·ÖΪÈýÀࣺһÖÖÊǰüÀ¨ÍêÕûµÄ°²È«ÐÔºÍÓÐЧÐÔÑо¿±¨¸æµÄÉêÇ루505£¨b)(1)£©£»¶þÖÖÊǰüÀ¨ÍêÕûµÄ°²È«ÐÔºÍÓÐЧÐÔÑо¿±¨¸æ£¬µ«Óв¿·ÖÐÅÏ¢À´Ô´ÓÚδִÐеÄÑо¿»òÉêÇëÕßδ»ñµÃÕýÈ·µÄ²Î¿¼¶øÐèÒªFDAµÄÅú×¼£¨505(b)(2)£©£»ÈýÖÖÊǼò»¯ÐÂÒ©ÉêÇ루ANDA£©£¨505(j)£©¡£µÚÒ»ÖÖÊÇʵ¼ÊÉÏÊǹúÄÚËùÖ¸µÄ¹úÄÚÍâ´ÓÀ´Ã»ÓÐÉÏÊйýµÄÒ»¶þÀàÐÂÒ©£¬µÚ¶þÖÖÖ¸µÄÊÇ¿ÉÒÔÒýÓÃÎÄÏ×É걨µÄÒÑÓÐÉÏÊÐÒ©Æ·µÄÉêÇ룬ÀàËÆÓÚ¹úÄÚµÄ3À࣬4À༰5ÀàÐÂÒ©£»µÚÈýÖÖÖ¸µÄÊÇ·ÂÖÆÒ©¡£

ÖÁÓÚUSPÊÕÔØÒ©Æ·µÄ·ÖÀ࣬Æäʵ·Ç³£ÀàËÆÓÚÖйúÒ©µä£¬ÓÐÒ©Æ·£¬Ò©Óø¨ÁÏ£¬ÓªÑø²¹³ä¼ÁµÈ¡£


2£¬USPÉÏÊÕÔØµÄÓªÑø²¹³ä¼Á(Dietary supplements)Êô²»ÊôÓÚÒ©Æ·£¿Í¬ÑùµÄ£¬ÃÀ¹úFDAÅú×¼¶¼ÊÇÒ©Æ·Âð£¿
»Ø¸´£ºUSPÉÏÊÕÔØµÄÓªÑø²¹³ä¼Á²»ÊôÓÚÒ©Æ·£¬¶øÊÇʳƷ¡£Äã¿ÉÒÔÔÚFDAÍøÕ¾Ê×Ò³´ò¿ªFOODµÄÏîÄ¿ÖУ¬¾Í°üÀ¨ÓÐDietary supplements¡£ÃÀ¹úFDAÅú×¼µÄÓÐʳƷ£¬Ò©Æ·ºÍ»¯×±Æ·£¬»¹°üÀ¨Ò½ÁÆÆ÷еµÈ£¬²»µ¥µ¥ÊÇÒ©Æ·¡£

3£¬ÃÀ¹úµÄÒ©Æ·¶¼ÓÐNDCÂð£¿NDCÓëNDAµÄÉ걨ÓÐÊ²Ã´Çø±ð£¿ÃÀ¹úFDAÅú×¼µÄÒ©Æ·µÄ¡°Åú×¼Îĺš±£¨Ï൱ÓÚÖйúµÄ¹úÒ©×¼×Ö£©ÊÇʲôÑùµÄÐÎʽ£¿

»Ø¸´£ºÃÀ¹úËùÓеÄÒ©Æ·¶¼ÓÐNDC¡£NDCµÄÓ¢ÎÄÈ«³ÆÊÇNational Drug Code£¬·­Òë³ÉÖÐÎľÍÊÇ¡°¹ú¼ÒÒ©Æ·±àºÅ¡±£¬ÉêÇëÒ©Æ·ÉÏÊеĹ«Ë¾ÐèÉêÇëÒ»¸ö¹«Ë¾´úÂ룬ÒÔÕâ¸ö¹«Ë¾´úÂëΪ»ù´¡£¬±àÖÆNDCÂë¡£NDCÂëµÄµÚÒ»¶ÎÊǹ«Ë¾µÄ´úÂ룬ÊÇÉÏÊöËù˵µÄÐèÉêÇëµÄ£¬ºóÃæÁ½¶ÎÊǹ«Ë¾×Ô¼ºÖƶ¨µÄ²úÆ·´úÂë¼°Á÷Ë®ºÅ£¬²»ÊÜÏÞÖÆ¡£

NDAµÄÓ¢ÎÄÈ«³ÆÊÇNew Drug Application£¬Òâ˼ÊÇ¡°ÐÂÒ©ÉêÇ롱£¬°´ÕÕNDAµÄÒªÇó½øÐÐÉ걨¼´¿É¡£

FDAÅú×¼Ò©Æ·ºó²¢²»Ïñ¹úÄÚÕâÑù¸øÒ»¸öÅú×¼Îĺţ¬Ö»¸øÅú×¼ÉÏÊеÄ֪ͨ£¬ÄãÄõ½Í¨ÖªÈ¥ÉÏÊоͺÃÁË¡£¹þ¹þ.......
7Â¥2008-09-26 16:20:25
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

tyshim

»Ø¸´£ºlingahu  
¸ßÈËǰ±²£¬¶ÔÄú¾Þ³ç°Ý£¡ÔÙ½ÓÔÙÀø£¬¼ÌÐøÎÊÎÊÌ⣺

1£¬ÓÐNDCµÄ¶¼ÊÇÒ©Æ·Â𣿻¹ÊÇÏñ¾­FDAÅú×¼µÄ±£½¡Æ·¡¢»¯×±Æ·¡¢ÓëʳƷÒÔ¼°Ò½ÁÆÆ÷е¶¼ÓÐNDC£¿
2£¬»ñµÃNDCµÄ²úÆ·ÊDz»ÊDZØÐëÔÚ²úÆ·±êÇ©»ò˵Ã÷ÊéÉÏ×¢Ã÷£¿¾ÍÏñ¹úÄÚÒ©Æ·±êÇ©±ØÐë×¢Ã÷¡°¹úÒ©×¼×Ö****¡±Ò»Ñù£¿
3£¬¸ú¾ÝÄúËùÑÔ£¬ÆÏÌÑÌÇËá¼ØÆ¬£¨ÒÔÏÂÒÔK-PLU´ú±í£©ÊôÓÚʳƷ£¨Dietary supplements£©£¬ÄÇôΪʲôK-PLU»áÓÉǰ¼¸ÄêµÄҩƷת±äÎªÊ³Æ·ÄØ£¿Õâ¿Ï¶¨²»ÊÇ¡°Æ¾°×Î޹ʡ±µÄ£¬ÕâÆäÖÐÊÇ·ñÓÐʲô·¨¹æµÄ±ä¶¯Âð£¿
4£¬ÒÔÄúµÄ¾­Ñ飬K-PLUÔÚÖйúËãÒ©Æ·Âð£¿ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿
5£¬Äú˵ÖйúÒ©µäÉÏÒ²ÓС°ÓªÑø²¹³ä¼Á¡±£¬ÄÇôËü±ØÐëÊôÓÚÒ©Æ·£¬ÄÇô¹úÒ©¾ÖÅú×¼ÓªÑø²¹³ä¼Áʱ¸ÃÈçºÎ½«Ëü·ÖÀࣿ¼´·ÖΪ¡°¹úÒ©×¼×ÖH¡±»¹ÊÇ¡°¹úÒ©×¼×ÖB¡±»¹ÊÇÆäËü£¿

8Â¥2008-09-27 10:16:15
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû

tyshim

ijһ²úÆ·£¬ËüÓÐNDC£¬¶ø"Appl No"Ϊ¡°other"£¬£¨ÊDz»ÊÇ˵ûÓÐFDAµÄÅú×¼ºÅ£¿£©ÎªÊ²Ã´£¿
9Â¥2008-09-28 16:31:31
ÒÑÔÄ   »Ø¸´´ËÂ¥   ¹Ø×¢TA ¸øTA·¢ÏûÏ¢ ËÍTAºì»¨ TAµÄ»ØÌû
Ïà¹Ø°æ¿éÌø×ª ÎÒÒª¶©ÔÄÂ¥Ö÷ tyshim µÄÖ÷Ìâ¸üÐÂ
×î¾ßÈËÆøÈÈÌûÍÆ¼ö [²é¿´È«²¿] ×÷Õß »Ø/¿´ ×îºó·¢±í
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ¹ú×ÔÈ»ÃæÉϸ´ÅÌ~»¶Ó­ÌÖÂÛ +8 ÇçÌì¼ÓÓÍ 2026-08-26 9/450 2026-08-27 14:14 by gltch
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ¿´°åÉÏÕâô¶àÖеģ¬ÓеãÏñ50ÈËȺÀï49¸öÈ˶¼ÊÇÆ­×ÓµÄÄÇÖָоõ¡­¡­ +5 a089 2026-08-26 6/300 2026-08-27 14:05 by jonewore
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] Çà»ùÈçºÎÆÆ¾Ö +3 lyz123lyz 2026-08-27 4/200 2026-08-27 13:08 by kulium
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] Ϊʲô×ÊÖúÊý¸÷´ó¸ßУ¶¼´´Ð¸ߣ¬×Ô¼ºÉêÇëÔõô¾ÍÕâôÄÑ +5 Kittylucky 2026-08-27 5/250 2026-08-27 12:10 by ½ªÌ«¹«¿¾Óã
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ͶƱ:  ÓжàÉÙÈËÊǽñÌì²éϵͳ֪µÀ½á¹ûµÄ£¿ +15 °®¿´ÊéµÄ¿ÉÀÖ 2026-08-26 17/850 2026-08-27 11:29 by xxniao123
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] Ôõô¿´Çà»ùÖÐÁËûÓа¡ +5 Ò¶¾Å΢ 2026-08-26 5/250 2026-08-27 10:35 by l_zh2008
[ÎÄѧ·¼²ÝÔ°] ÃÎÏë +3 myrtle 2026-08-26 3/150 2026-08-27 10:01 by angelyueyi
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ÈÃÎÒÖÐÒ»¸öÃæÉϰɣ¡ +13 ´óƼ1987 2026-08-20 17/850 2026-08-27 08:20 by ´óƼ1987
[½Ìʦ֮¼Ò] ÊÛSCIÒ»ÇøÎÄÕ£¬ÎÒ:8.O.551.O.5.4,¿ÆÄ¿È«,¿ÉÙ¤¼± +3 LIbGuocjEEYw 2026-08-26 4/200 2026-08-27 04:33 by Ie9AyIAvGbvs
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ϵͳ²é²»µ½ +10 ¶­°Ëǧ 2026-08-26 10/500 2026-08-26 16:30 by Equinoxhua
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ¹úºÏ¿É²éÁË +3 paperzjh 2026-08-26 3/150 2026-08-26 10:41 by LemmonTr
[Ö°³¡ÈËÉú] ѧÉúײ¼û¸¨µ¼Ô±ËÍÍâÂô£¬µÚ¶þÌìÈ«°à¶¼³ÁĬÁË +3 ¾¨ÓãÈÚ½ð_Õã½­_É 2026-08-22 3/150 2026-08-26 09:01 by zzuzxg
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ¹úºÏÏÖÔڲ鲻µ½ÁËÂ𣿠+10 chengyan1220 2026-08-24 20/1000 2026-08-26 08:57 by peasantsprig
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ÔÚ¼á±ù»¹¸Ç×ű±º£µÄʱºò£¬ÎÒ¿´µ½ÁËÅ­·ÅµÄ÷»¨¡£ (½ð±Ò+10) +6 ziyangfang 2026-08-25 9/450 2026-08-25 20:26 by huagongfeihu
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] Ã÷ÌìÓ¦¸Ã¿É²éÁË£¡£¿ +6 chengyan1220 2026-08-23 6/300 2026-08-25 19:45 by zfd97
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] Èç¹û´Ë¿ÌÄãÕýÔÚΪ¹ú»ù¸Ðµ½½¹ÂÇ£¬²»·ÁÀ´ÌýÌýÕâÊס¶»ù½ðÖ®Íâ¡· +8 scalable 2026-08-24 8/400 2026-08-25 12:52 by jnhyjjm
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ÈËÆø²»ÐÐÁË +11 fansofjerry 2026-08-21 11/550 2026-08-25 11:04 by ¹Â¶ÀµÄÓ¢ÐÛ6
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] ÎÒÃæÉÏÍêµ°ÁË +13 ÇÒÌý»¢Ð¥ 2026-08-20 14/700 2026-08-25 09:10 by mrkang
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] Ó¦¸ÃÊÇÏÂÖÜÈý26ÈÕ¹«²¼Á˰ɣ¿ +4 ¹þ¹þ¸ò£¿ 2026-08-21 4/200 2026-08-21 10:58 by Vivilian
[»ù½ðÉêÇë] »ù½ð°¡»ù½ð +4 longfie172 2026-08-20 4/200 2026-08-21 08:58 by mark mao
ÐÅÏ¢Ìáʾ
ÇëÌî´¦ÀíÒâ¼û