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[交流] Nanomaterials in fluorescence-based biosensing文献翻译，欢迎交流

看到一篇关于荧光材料的好文章，希望自己有毅力翻译出来。有翻译错误的地方欢迎指出。

Anal Bioanal Chem (2009) 394:47–59
DOI 10.1007/s00216-009-2643-x
Nanomaterials in fluorescence-based biosensing
Wenwan Zhong

Wenwan Zhong
has  been  Assistant  Professor  of Chemistry  at  the  University  of California, Riverside, since July 2006. She received the Pilot In-
terdisciplinary  Research  Award from the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology of UC, River-side.  Her  current  research  in-
terests  are:  developing  novel analytical strategies for utilizing nanomaterials  in  biosensing; studying  nanotoxicity  using  mi-
croscale  separation  techniques like capillary electrophoresis; and developing field-flow fractionation-based  methods  for  purification  and  analysis  of  large  protein
complexes.

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Abstract
Fluorescence-based detection is the most common method utilized in biosensing because of its high sensitivity,
simplicity, and diversity. In the era of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are starting to replace traditional organic dyes as detection labels because they offer superior optical properties, such as brighter fluorescence, wider selections of excitation and emission wavelengths, higher photostability, etc. Their size- or shape-controllable optical characteristics also facilitate the selection of diverse probes for higher assay throughput. Furthermore, the nanostructure can provide a solid support for sensing assays with multiple probe molecules attached to each nanostructure, simplifying assay design and increasing the labeling ratio for higher sensitivity. The current review summarizes the applications of nanomaterials—including quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles—in biosensing using detection techniques such as fluorescence, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence lifetime measurement, and multiphoton microscopy. The advantages nanomaterials bring to the field of biosensing are discussed. The review also points out the importance of analytical separations in the preparation of nanomaterials with fine optical and physical properties for biosensing. In conclusion, nanotechnology provides a great opportunity to analytical chemists to develop better sensing strategies, but also relies on modern analytical techniques to pave its way to practical applications.

因其高灵敏度、简单和多样，基于荧光的检测是生物传感中最普遍的方法。在纳米技术时代，纳米材料（nanomaterials）开始代替用于检测标记（detection label）的传统有机染料。纳米材料具有优良的光学性质（optical property），如更明亮的荧光（brighter fluorescence）、更宽的激发和发射波长、更高的光稳定性（photostability）等。纳米材料尺寸和形状可控的光学特征（size- or shape-controlling optical characteristics）方便了用于高通量检测的不同探针的选择（facilitate the selection of diverse probes for higher assay throughput）。此外，纳米结构可以为传感分析（sensing assay）提供固相支持，每个纳米结构上带有多重探针分子，简化了检测的设计，增加了标记效率，从而获得了更高的灵敏度。本综述对生物传感领域应用荧光、荧光共振能量转移（fluorescence resonance energy transfer，FRET）、荧光寿命测量（fluorescence lifetime measurement）、多光子显微镜等检测技术的纳米材料（包括量子点（quantum dots）、金属纳米颗粒（metal nanoparticles）、二氧化硅纳米颗粒）的应用进行了总结。讨论了纳米材料对该领域所带来的优势。本文也指出了制备具有优异光学和物理性能的纳米材料时分析分离（analytical separations）的重要性。综上所述，纳米技术为分析化学家提供了极大的机遇来开发更好的传感方法，但其实际应用也依赖于现代分析技术的推动。