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Nanomaterials in fluorescence-based biosensingÎÄÏ×·Ò룬»¶Ó½»Á÷
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¿´µ½Ò»Æª¹ØÓÚÓ«¹â²ÄÁϵĺÃÎÄÕ£¬Ï£Íû×Ô¼ºÓÐÒãÁ¦·Òë³öÀ´¡£ÓзÒë´íÎóµÄµØ·½»¶ÓÖ¸³ö¡£ Anal Bioanal Chem (2009) 394:47¨C59 DOI 10.1007/s00216-009-2643-x Nanomaterials in fluorescence-based biosensing Wenwan Zhong Wenwan Zhong has been Assistant Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Riverside, since July 2006. She received the Pilot In- terdisciplinary Research Award from the Institute for Integrative Genome Biology of UC, River-side. Her current research in- terests are: developing novel analytical strategies for utilizing nanomaterials in biosensing; studying nanotoxicity using mi- croscale separation techniques like capillary electrophoresis; and developing field-flow fractionation-based methods for purification and analysis of large protein complexes. |
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Abstract Fluorescence-based detection is the most common method utilized in biosensing because of its high sensitivity, simplicity, and diversity. In the era of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are starting to replace traditional organic dyes as detection labels because they offer superior optical properties, such as brighter fluorescence, wider selections of excitation and emission wavelengths, higher photostability, etc. Their size- or shape-controllable optical characteristics also facilitate the selection of diverse probes for higher assay throughput. Furthermore, the nanostructure can provide a solid support for sensing assays with multiple probe molecules attached to each nanostructure, simplifying assay design and increasing the labeling ratio for higher sensitivity. The current review summarizes the applications of nanomaterials¡ªincluding quantum dots, metal nanoparticles, and silica nanoparticles¡ªin biosensing using detection techniques such as fluorescence, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluorescence lifetime measurement, and multiphoton microscopy. The advantages nanomaterials bring to the field of biosensing are discussed. The review also points out the importance of analytical separations in the preparation of nanomaterials with fine optical and physical properties for biosensing. In conclusion, nanotechnology provides a great opportunity to analytical chemists to develop better sensing strategies, but also relies on modern analytical techniques to pave its way to practical applications. ÒòÆä¸ßÁéÃô¶È¡¢¼òµ¥ºÍ¶àÑù£¬»ùÓÚÓ«¹âµÄ¼ì²âÊÇÉúÎï´«¸ÐÖÐ×îÆÕ±éµÄ·½·¨¡£ÔÚÄÉÃ×¼¼Êõʱ´ú£¬ÄÉÃײÄÁÏ£¨nanomaterials£©¿ªÊ¼´úÌæÓÃÓÚ¼ì²â±ê¼Ç£¨detection label£©µÄ´«Í³ÓлúȾÁÏ¡£ÄÉÃײÄÁϾßÓÐÓÅÁ¼µÄ¹âѧÐÔÖÊ£¨optical property£©£¬Èç¸üÃ÷ÁÁµÄÓ«¹â£¨brighter fluorescence£©¡¢¸ü¿íµÄ¼¤·¢ºÍ·¢É䲨³¤¡¢¸ü¸ßµÄ¹âÎȶ¨ÐÔ£¨photostability£©µÈ¡£ÄÉÃײÄÁϳߴçºÍÐÎ×´¿É¿ØµÄ¹âÑ§ÌØÕ÷£¨size- or shape-controlling optical characteristics£©·½±ãÁËÓÃÓÚ¸ßͨÁ¿¼ì²âµÄ²»Í¬Ì½ÕëµÄÑ¡Ôñ£¨facilitate the selection of diverse probes for higher assay throughput£©¡£´ËÍ⣬ÄÉÃ׽ṹ¿ÉÒÔΪ´«¸Ð·ÖÎö£¨sensing assay£©Ìṩ¹ÌÏàÖ§³Ö£¬Ã¿¸öÄÉÃ׽ṹÉÏ´øÓжàÖØÌ½Õë·Ö×Ó£¬¼ò»¯Á˼ì²âµÄÉè¼Æ£¬Ôö¼ÓÁ˱ê¼ÇЧÂÊ£¬´Ó¶ø»ñµÃÁ˸ü¸ßµÄÁéÃô¶È¡£±¾×ÛÊö¶ÔÉúÎï´«¸ÐÁìÓòÓ¦ÓÃÓ«¹â¡¢Ó«¹â¹²ÕñÄÜÁ¿×ªÒÆ£¨fluorescence resonance energy transfer£¬FRET£©¡¢Ó«¹âÊÙÃü²âÁ¿£¨fluorescence lifetime measurement£©¡¢¶à¹â×ÓÏÔ΢¾µµÈ¼ì²â¼¼ÊõµÄÄÉÃײÄÁÏ£¨°üÀ¨Á¿×ӵ㣨quantum dots£©¡¢½ðÊôÄÉÃ׿ÅÁ££¨metal nanoparticles£©¡¢¶þÑõ»¯¹èÄÉÃ׿ÅÁ££©µÄÓ¦ÓýøÐÐÁË×ܽᡣÌÖÂÛÁËÄÉÃײÄÁ϶ԸÃÁìÓòËù´øÀ´µÄÓÅÊÆ¡£±¾ÎÄÒ²Ö¸³öÁËÖÆ±¸¾ßÓÐÓÅÒì¹âѧºÍÎïÀíÐÔÄܵÄÄÉÃײÄÁÏʱ·ÖÎö·ÖÀ루analytical separations£©µÄÖØÒªÐÔ¡£×ÛÉÏËùÊö£¬ÄÉÃ×¼¼ÊõΪ·ÖÎö»¯Ñ§¼ÒÌṩÁ˼«´óµÄ»úÓöÀ´¿ª·¢¸üºÃµÄ´«¸Ð·½·¨£¬µ«Æäʵ¼ÊÓ¦ÓÃÒ²ÒÀÀµÓÚÏÖ´ú·ÖÎö¼¼ÊõµÄÍÆ¶¯¡£ |
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