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yanglanying金虫 (正式写手)
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The time dimension of the video medium makes imperceptibility of data embedding more challenging compared to still images. Maintaining the distortion or peak signal-to-noiseratio (PSNR) at a consistent level across all frames of a video stream to avoid flickering is a concern when video data embedding is considered. To that respect, we recall that the MSE distortion per block to the nth frame isDn.We understand that when we minimize the average distortion over all N framesthe distortion pertinent to each frame may vary.To address the above technical concern, we consider a sub-optimal embedding approach that exploits the strongsimilarity of adjoint frames. For such frames, the transformdomain hosts have similar statistical properties. Therefore, instead of using Rx, we calculate (si, ci), i = 1, . . . , K, based on Rx,1, the autocorrelation of the host vectors of the first frame, and embed data in all frames using (si, ci), i = 1, . . . , K. Thus, real-time operation can be supported since data embedding starts right after collecting the first frame and data-embedded video can be delivered immediately. To provide consistent distortion across frames, the embedding amplitudes Ai,n for the ith message in the nth frame is scaled/adjusted by Ai,n = 1, . . . , N, which assures equal distortion per-block to each frame. We note that, if frames are similar in second-order block statistics, then Rx,1 ≈ Rx,2 ≈ . . . ≈ Rx,N ≈ Rx and sub-optimal embedding approaches global video optimal embedding. |
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genhunter
至尊木虫 (著名写手)
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yanglanying: 金币+5, 翻译EPI+1 2015-05-29 21:41:17
yanglanying(RXMCDM代发): 金币+2 2015-06-06 18:12:53
yanglanying: 金币+5, 翻译EPI+1 2015-05-29 21:41:17
yanglanying(RXMCDM代发): 金币+2 2015-06-06 18:12:53
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视频中的时间维度使数据的隐蔽性嵌入比静止图像更具挑战性。如何在视频所有画面中保持失真或峰值信噪比(PSNR)在一致的水平,同时避免闪烁是视频数据嵌入过程中值得关注的问题。在这方面,我们记得,每个片段到第n画面为止的MSE失真是Dn。我们知道,当我们将平均失真在整个N 个画面中降低到最小时,每个画面相对的失真度可能会有所不同。 为了解决上述技术问题,我们利用相邻画面有较强相似性,考虑一个仅次于最优嵌入方法。由于这样的画面在变换域主机有类似的统计特性, 因此,基于RX,1,我们计算(Si,Ci),i = 1,...,K,主机的向量的自相关第一画面,并在所有画面中嵌入数据使用(Si,Ci),i= 1,...,K,而不是用Rx. 这样可以支持实时操作,因为数据嵌入在收集第一画面 之后就开始, 而且数据嵌入的视频可以立即交付使用。为了提供在所有画面中保持一样的失真,为第n画面中的第i个信息而嵌入振幅Ai,n经Ai,n = 1,...,N,作为调整, 以保证每段中每幅画面都有相同的等失真度。我们注意到,如果画面在二阶分组统计中相似,那么RX,1≈RX,2≈...≈RX,N≈RX仅次于最优嵌入法与全球视频优化方法嵌入法接近。 |

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