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yanglanying金虫 (正式写手)
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[求助]
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The time dimension of the video medium makes imperceptibility of data embedding more challenging compared to still images. Maintaining the distortion or peak signal-to-noiseratio (PSNR) at a consistent level across all frames of a video stream to avoid flickering is a concern when video data embedding is considered. To that respect, we recall that t he MSE distortion per block to the nth frame isDn.We understand that when we minimize the average distortion over all N framesthe distortion pertinent to each frame may vary.To address the above technical concern, we consider a sub-optimal embedding approach that exploits the strongsimilarity of adjoint frames. For such frames, the transformdomain hosts have similar statistical properties. Therefore, instead of using Rx, we calculate (si, ci), i = 1, . . . , K, based on Rx,1, the autocorrelation of the host vectors of the first frame, and embed data in all frames using (si, ci), i = 1, . . . , K. Thus, real-time operation can be supported since data embedding starts right after collecting the first frame and data-embedded video can be delivered immediately. To provide consistent distortion across frames, the embedding amplitudes Ai,n for the ith message in the nth frame is scaled/adjusted by Ai,n = 1, . . . , N, which assures equal distortion per-block to each frame. We note that, if frames are similar in second-order block statistics, then Rx,1 ≈ Rx,2 ≈ . . . ≈ Rx,N ≈ Rx and sub-optimal embedding approaches global video optimal embedding. |
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