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Accurate control in the ultimate nanocrystal
morphology often requires separation of the nucleation and
growth stages, in such a way that nucleation is completed
before growth starts and no new nuclei are formed during the
growth stage
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In the latter case, confinement leads to
splitting of valence and conduction bands into discrete
electronic states, while the energy gap between the HOMO
and the LUMO increases when decreasing nanocrystal size.
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The ideas behind inducing directional growth are mainly
based on three concepts, namely anisotropic templates, facetspecific
adsorption, and growth kinetics.
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Recent examples demonstrate
that not only the adsorption of surfactants is relevant but also
other moieties present in solution such as counterions and
foreign metal ions.
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growth kinetics is usually determined by the nature of the precursors and thus of the
reactions involved in the formation of the material forming
the crystal, but also by the presence of catalysts which can
affect such reactions
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It is important to
realize that in seeded growth methods the seeds typically play
a double role, that of nucleation centers and that of catalysts,
so that growth originates exclusively at the existing nuclei.
This feature is particularly attractive in the case of metals
because metal seeds can catalyze the reduction of additional
metal salts when weak reducing agents are employed.
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should remain open minded toward the endless
possibilities which application of traditional chemistry concepts can deliver to the wide
field of nanocrystal synthesis.
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