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通过增大复杂度来控制纳米晶体生长的高度对称性评论
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通过增大复杂度来控制纳米晶体生长的高度对称性 Accurate control in the ultimate nanocrystal morphology often requires separation of the nucleation and growth stages, in such a way that nucleation is completed before growth starts and no new nuclei are formed during the growth stage 精确控制纳米晶体形貌要求将成核和生长两个阶段分离，控制晶体成核完全之后 在进入晶体生长，而在晶体生长阶段，则不再结核。 In the latter case, confinement leads to splitting of valence and conduction bands into discrete electronic states, while the energy gap between the HOMO and the LUMO increases when decreasing nanocrystal size. 在半导体材料中，空间限制分裂导带和价带成为离散的电子能级态，并且随着纳米尺寸的减小 HOMO与LOMO轨道间能进增大。 The ideas behind inducing directional growth are mainly based on three concepts, namely anisotropic templates, facetspecific adsorption, and growth kinetics. 控制生长主要基于三个概念：各向异性模板，晶面特异性吸附，生长动力学 Recent examples demonstrate that not only the adsorption of surfactants is relevant but also other moieties present in solution such as counterions and foreign metal ions. 最新研究表明，不仅仅是表面活性剂的吸附起作用，而且溶液中对应共存成分，例如 阳离子和外来的金属离子都能够起到控制作用。 growth kinetics is usually determined by the nature of the precursors and thus of the reactions involved in the formation of the material forming the crystal, but also by the presence of catalysts which can affect such reactions 生长动力学则偶反应物前体的性质决定，同时也跟存在的催化剂有关 It is important to realize that in seeded growth methods the seeds typically play a double role, that of nucleation centers and that of catalysts, so that growth originates exclusively at the existing nuclei. This feature is particularly attractive in the case of metals because metal seeds can catalyze the reduction of additional metal salts when weak reducing agents are employed. 晶体种子可同时作为结核中心和催化剂催化晶体生长。例如，金属结核能够在弱还原剂存在条件下催化 还原外加金属盐 should remain open minded toward the endless possibilities which application of traditional chemistry concepts can deliver to the wide field of nanocrystal synthesis. 传统化学原则能够带领我们进入一个更加宽广纳米合成领域的无限可能性，我们应该保持开放的态度。 |
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2015-03-18 11:24:30, 522.3 K
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