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ͨ¹ýÔö´ó¸´ÔÓ¶ÈÀ´¿ØÖÆÄÉÃ×¾§ÌåÉú³¤µÄ¸ß¶È¶Ô³ÆÐÔ Accurate control in the ultimate nanocrystal morphology often requires separation of the nucleation and growth stages, in such a way that nucleation is completed before growth starts and no new nuclei are formed during the growth stage ¾«È·¿ØÖÆÄÉÃ×¾§ÌåÐÎòҪÇ󽫳ɺ˺ÍÉú³¤Á½¸ö½×¶Î·ÖÀ룬¿ØÖƾ§Ìå³ÉºËÍêȫ֮ºó ÔÚ½øÈë¾§ÌåÉú³¤£¬¶øÔÚ¾§ÌåÉú³¤½×¶Î£¬Ôò²»ÔÙ½áºË¡£ In the latter case, confinement leads to splitting of valence and conduction bands into discrete electronic states, while the energy gap between the HOMO and the LUMO increases when decreasing nanocrystal size. ÔÚ°ëµ¼Ìå²ÄÁÏÖУ¬¿Õ¼äÏÞÖÆ·ÖÁѵ¼´øºÍ¼Û´ø³ÉΪÀëÉ¢µÄµç×ÓÄܼ¶Ì¬£¬²¢ÇÒËæ×ÅÄÉÃ׳ߴçµÄ¼õС HOMOÓëLOMO¹ìµÀ¼äÄܽøÔö´ó¡£ The ideas behind inducing directional growth are mainly based on three concepts, namely anisotropic templates, facetspecific adsorption, and growth kinetics. ¿ØÖÆÉú³¤Ö÷Òª»ùÓÚÈý¸ö¸ÅÄ¸÷ÏòÒìÐÔÄ£°å£¬¾§ÃæÌØÒìÐÔÎü¸½£¬Éú³¤¶¯Á¦Ñ§ Recent examples demonstrate that not only the adsorption of surfactants is relevant but also other moieties present in solution such as counterions and foreign metal ions. ×îÐÂÑо¿±íÃ÷£¬²»½ö½öÊDZíÃæ»îÐÔ¼ÁµÄÎü¸½Æð×÷Ó㬶øÇÒÈÜÒºÖжÔÓ¦¹²´æ³É·Ö£¬ÀýÈç ÑôÀë×ÓºÍÍâÀ´µÄ½ðÊôÀë×Ó¶¼Äܹ»Æðµ½¿ØÖÆ×÷Óᣠgrowth kinetics is usually determined by the nature of the precursors and thus of the reactions involved in the formation of the material forming the crystal, but also by the presence of catalysts which can affect such reactions Éú³¤¶¯Á¦Ñ§Ôòż·´Ó¦ÎïǰÌåµÄÐÔÖʾö¶¨£¬Í¬Ê±Ò²¸ú´æÔڵĴ߻¯¼ÁÓÐ¹Ø It is important to realize that in seeded growth methods the seeds typically play a double role, that of nucleation centers and that of catalysts, so that growth originates exclusively at the existing nuclei. This feature is particularly attractive in the case of metals because metal seeds can catalyze the reduction of additional metal salts when weak reducing agents are employed. ¾§ÌåÖÖ×Ó¿Éͬʱ×÷Ϊ½áºËÖÐÐĺʹ߻¯¼Á´ß»¯¾§ÌåÉú³¤¡£ÀýÈ磬½ðÊô½áºËÄܹ»ÔÚÈõ»¹Ô¼Á´æÔÚÌõ¼þÏ´߻¯ »¹ÔÍâ¼Ó½ðÊôÑÎ should remain open minded toward the endless possibilities which application of traditional chemistry concepts can deliver to the wide field of nanocrystal synthesis. ´«Í³»¯Ñ§ÔÔòÄܹ»´øÁìÎÒÃǽøÈëÒ»¸ö¸ü¼Ó¿í¹ãÄÉÃ׺ϳÉÁìÓòµÄÎÞÏÞ¿ÉÄÜÐÔ£¬ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ã±£³Ö¿ª·ÅµÄ̬¶È¡£ |
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