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[资源] 剑桥2011年The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System, 2nd ed

Richly illustrated with full-color images, this book is a comprehensive, up-to-date description
of the planets, their moons, and recent exoplanet discoveries.
The second edition of this classic reference is brought up-to-date with the fascinating
new discoveries made during recent years from 12 new solar system missions. Representative
examples include water on the Moon; widespread volcanism on Mercury’s
previously unseen half; vast buried glaciers on Mars; geysers on Saturn’s active water
moon Enceladus; lakes of methane and ethane on Saturn’s moon Titan; the encounter
with asteroid Itokawa; and an encounter and sample return from comet Wild 2. The book
is further enhanced by hundreds of striking new images of the planets and moons.
Written at an introductory level appropriate for high-school and undergraduate students,
it provides fresh insights that appeal to anyone with an interest in planetary science.
A website hosted by the author contains all of the images in the book with an overview of
their importance. A link to this can be found at www.cambridge.org/solarsystem/.
KENNETH R. LANG is a Professor of Astronomy at Tufts University. He is a well-known
author and has published 25 books. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Sun (Cambridge
University Press, 2001) was recommended by the Library Journal as one of the best
reference books published that year. He has extensive teaching experience, and has served
as a Visiting Senior Scientist at NASA Headquarters.
List of focus elements page ix
List of tables xi
Preface to the second edition xv
Preface to the first edition xvii
Principal units xxv
Part 1 Changing views and fundamental concepts
1 Evolving perspectives: a historical prologue 1
1.1 Moving points of light 3
1.2 Telescopes reveal the hitherto unseen 13
1.3 What holds the solar system together? 23
1.4 Physical properties of the Sun 26
1.5 Terrestrial and giant planets 33
1.6 What is inside the major planets? 34
2 The new close-up view from space 36
2.1 Flybys, orbiters, probes and landers 38
2.2 Impact craters 52
2.3 Volcanism 60
2.4 Water 71
3 Atmospheres, magnetospheres and the solar wind 80
3.1 Fundamentals 82
3.2 Atmospheres of the terrestrial planets 87
3.3 Atmospheres of the giant planets 93
3.4 Titan, a satellite with a substantial atmosphere 96
3.5 The planets are inside the expanding Sun 98
3.6 Magnetized planets and magnetospheres 102
3.7 Aurora 111
Part 2 The inner solar system: rocky worlds
4 Restless Earth: third rock from the Sun 117
4.1 Fundamentals 119
4.2 Journey to the center of the Earth 119
v
vi Contents
4.3 Remodeling the Earth’s surface 124
4.4 The Earth’s changing atmosphere 138
4.5 Space weather 151
5 The Earth’s Moon: stepping stone to the planets 158
5.1 Fundamentals 159
5.2 Eclipses of the Moon and Sun 160
5.3 The Moon’s face 163
5.4 Apollo expeditions to the Moon 169
5.5 Inside the Moon 177
5.6 The lunar surface 179
5.7 Return to the Moon 186
5.8 The Moon’s history 188
5.9 Tides and the once and future Moon 191
5.10 Origin of the Moon 196
6 Mercury: a dense battered world 201
6.1 Fundamentals 202
6.2 A tiny world in the glare of sunlight 202
6.3 Space-age investigations of Mercury 203
6.4 Radar probes of Mercury 204
6.5 A modified Moon-like surface 207
6.6 An iron world 214
6.7 A mysterious magnetic field 215
6.8 Einstein and Mercury’s anomalous orbital motion 217
7 Venus: the veiled planet 220
7.1 Fundamentals 221
7.2 Bright, beautiful Venus 221
7.3 Penetrating the clouds of Venus 224
7.4 Unveiling Venus with radar 230
7.5 Volcanic plains on Venus 235
7.6 Highland massifs on Venus 237
7.7 Tectonics on Venus 239
8 Mars: the red planet 247
8.1 Fundamentals 249
8.2 Planet Mars 250
8.3 The space-age odyssey to Mars 252
8.4 The atmosphere, surface conditions and winds of Mars 253
8.5 The polar regions of Mars 259
8.6 Highs and lows on Mars 262
8.7 Flowing water on Mars long ago 266
8.8 Mars is an ice planet 273
8.9 The search for life on Mars 276
8.10 The mysterious moons of Mars 280
Contents vii
Part 3 The giant planets, their satellites and their rings:
worlds of liquid, ice and gas
9 Jupiter: a giant primitive planet 283
9.1 Fundamentals 285
9.2 Stormy weather on Jupiter 286
9.3 Beneath Jupiter’s clouds 293
9.4 Introduction to the Galilean satellites 296
9.5 Jupiter’s volcanic moon Io 299
9.6 Jupiter’s water moon Europa 305
9.7 Jupiter’s battered moons, Ganymede and Callisto 309
9.8 Jupiter’s mere wisp of a ring 311
10 Saturn: lord of the rings 317
10.1 Fundamentals 319
10.2 Winds and clouds on Saturn 321
10.3 Beneath Saturn’s clouds 324
10.4 The remarkable rings of Saturn 326
10.5 Introduction to Saturn’s moons 335
10.6 Saturn’s active water moon Enceladus 337
10.7 Hidden methane lakes and organic dunes on Saturn’s moon Titan 341
10.8 Alien worlds, distant ring 345
11 Uranus and Neptune 348
11.1 Fundamentals 349
11.2 Storm clouds on the outer giants 351
11.3 Interiors and magnetic fields of Uranus and Neptune 354
11.4 Rings of Uranus and Neptune 355
11.5 The large moons of Uranus and Neptune 358
Part 4 Remnants of creation: small worlds in the solar system
12 Asteroids and meteorites 365
12.1 The orbits of asteroids 367
12.2 Origin of the asteroids 369
12.3 Viewing asteroids from a distance 371
12.4 Spacecraft view asteroids close up 375
12.5 Meteorites 381
13 Colliding worlds 391
13.1 A comet hits Jupiter 392
13.2 Consumed by the Sun 393
13.3 Impacts of asteroids with the Earth 395
13.4 Demise of the dinosaurs 399
13.5 Assessing the risk of death from above 402
13.6 Breaking a date with doomsday 403
viii Contents
14 Comets 408
14.1 Unexpected appearance of comets 410
14.2 The return of comet Halley 411
14.3 Where do comets come from? 413
14.4 Anatomy of a comet 419
14.5 Two comet tails 422
14.6 Spacecraft glimpse the comet nucleus 423
14.7 Rotating comet nucleus 428
14.8 Comet decay and meteor showers 428
15 Beyond Neptune 435
15.1 Pluto: a small frozen world with companions 436
15.2 Small cold worlds in the outer precincts of the planetary system 439
15.3 Edge of the solar system 442
Part 5 Origin of the solar system and extrasolar planets
16 Brave new worlds 445
16.1 How the solar system came into being 446
16.2 Newborn stars with planet-forming disks 448
16.3 The plurality of worlds 449
16.4 The first discoveries of exoplanets 451
16.5 Hundreds of new worlds circling nearby stars 455
16.6 Searching for habitable planets 457
Author index 461
Subject index 463

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2015-01-30 01:07:35, 26.03 M