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剑桥2011年英文原版Hydrodynamics of Pumps
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Hydrodynamics of Pumps is a reference for pump experts and a textbook for advanced students exploring pumps and pump design. This book is about the fluid dynamics of liquid turbomachines, particularly pumps. It focuses on special problems and design issues associated with the flow of liquid through a rotating machine. There are two characteristics of a liquid that lead to problems and cause a significantly different set of concerns from those in gas turbines. These are the potential for cavitation and the high density of liquids, which enhances the possibility of damaging, unsteady flows and forces. The book begins with an introduction to the subject, including cavitation, unsteady flows, and turbomachinery as well as basic pump design and performance principles. Chapter topics include flow features, cavitation parameters and inception, bubble dynamics, cavitation effects on pump performance, and unsteady flows and vibration in pumps – discussed in the three final chapters. The book is richly illustrated and includes many practical examples. Christopher E. Brennen is Professor of Mechanical Engineering in the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science at the California Institute of Technology. He has published more than 200 refereed articles and is especially well known for his research on cavitation and turbomachinery flows, as well as multiphase flows. He is the author of Fundamentals of Multiphase Flows and Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics and has edited several other works. 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Subject 1 1.2 Cavitation 1 1.3 Unsteady Flows 2 1.4 Trends in Hydraulic Turbomachinery 3 1.5 Book Structure 4 2 Basic Principles 5 2.1 Geometric Notation 5 2.2 Cascades 8 2.3 Flow Notation 11 2.4 Specific Speed 12 2.5 Pump Geometries 13 2.6 Energy Balance 14 2.7 Noncavitating Pump Performance 18 2.8 Several Specific Impellers and Pumps 19 3 Two-Dimensional Performance Analysis 22 3.1 Introduction 22 3.2 Linear Cascade Analyses 22 3.3 Deviation Angle 27 3.4 Viscous Effects in Linear Cascades 28 3.5 Radial Cascade Analyses 30 3.6 Viscous Effects in Radial Flows 34 v vi Contents 4 Other Flow Features 37 4.1 Introduction 37 4.2 Three-Dimensional Flow Effects 37 4.3 Radial Equilibrium Solution: An Example 40 4.4 Discharge Flow Management 44 4.5 Prerotation 47 4.6 Other Secondary Flows 51 5 Cavitation Parameters and Inception 55 5.1 Introduction 55 5.2 Cavitation Parameters 55 5.3 Cavitation Inception 58 5.4 Scaling of Cavitation Inception 62 5.5 Pump Performance 63 5.6 Types of Impeller Cavitation 65 5.7 Cavitation Inception Data 70 6 Bubble Dynamics, Damage and Noise 78 6.1 Introduction 78 6.2 Cavitation Bubble Dynamics 78 6.3 Cavitation Damage 83 6.4 Mechanism of Cavitation Damage 85 6.5 Cavitation Noise 88 7 Cavitation and Pump Performance 96 7.1 Introduction 96 7.2 Typical Pump Performance Data 96 7.3 Inducer Designs 102 7.4 Inducer Performance 104 7.5 Effects of Inducer Geometry 108 7.6 Analyses of Cavitation in Pumps 111 7.7 Thermal Effect on Pump Performance 114 7.8 Free Streamline Methods 122 7.9 Supercavitating Cascades 125 7.10 Partially Cavitating Cascades 127 7.11 Cavitation Performance Correlations 134 8 Pump Vibration 137 8.1 Introduction 137 8.2 Frequencies of Oscillation 140 8.3 Unsteady Flows 143 Contents vii 8.4 Rotating Stall 146 8.5 Rotating Cavitation 149 8.6 Surge 151 8.7 Auto-Oscillation 153 8.8 Rotor-Stator Interaction: Flow Patterns 158 8.9 Rotor-Stator Interaction: Forces 159 8.10 Developed Cavity Oscillation 164 8.11 Acoustic Resonances 166 8.12 Blade Flutter 167 8.13 Pogo Instabilities 169 9 Unsteady Flow in Hydraulic Systems 172 9.1 Introduction 172 9.2 Time Domain Methods 173 9.3 Wave Propagation in Ducts 174 9.4 Method of Characteristics 177 9.5 Frequency Domain Methods 179 9.6 Order of the System 180 9.7 Transfer Matrices 181 9.8 Distributed Systems 183 9.9 Combinations of Transfer Matrices 184 9.10 Properties of Transfer Matrices 184 9.11 Some Simple Transfer Matrices 188 9.12 Fluctuation Energy Flux 191 9.13 Non-Cavitating Pumps 195 9.14 Cavitating Inducers 198 9.15 System with Rigid Body Vibration 207 10 Radial and Rotordynamic Forces 209 10.1 Introduction 209 10.2 Notation 210 10.3 Hydrodynamic Bearings and Seals 214 10.4 Bearings at Low Reynolds Numbers 215 10.5 Annulus at High Reynolds Numbers 220 10.6 Squeeze Film Dampers 221 10.7 Turbulent Annular Seals 222 10.8 Labyrinth Seals 229 10.9 Blade Tip Rotordynamic Effects 230 10.10 Steady Radial Forces 232 10.11 Effect of Cavitation 241 10.12 Centrifugal Pumps 241 viii Contents 10.13 Moments and Lines of Action 246 10.14 Axial Flow Inducers 249 Bibliography 253 Index 267 |
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