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[资源] 2013新书：氢能入门（英文）

Hydrogen Energy for Beginners

by Alexander Gavrilyuk
Hardcover: 344 pages
Publisher: Pan Stanford Publishing; 1 edition (December 4, 2013)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 9814364770
ISBN-13: 978-9814364775

This book highlights the outstanding role of hydrogen in energy processes, where it is the most functional element due to its unique peculiarities that are highlighted and emphasized in the book

Contents
1. Unique Properties of Hydrogen 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 History of Hydrogen 1
1.3 Hydrogen Atom Electron Structure and Hydrogen Line 4
1.4 Origin of Neutral Hydrogen Emission 5
1.5 Unique Properties of Hydrogen Species 7
1.6 The Properties of Molecular Hydrogen 13
1.7 Hydrogen and Life 15
1.8 Hydrogen in Chemistry 16
1.9 Hydrogen in Physics and Engineering 17
1.10 Applications of Hydrogen Isotopes 18
1.11 Conclusions 19
2. Hydrogen Bond 21
2.1 What Is a Hydrogen Bond? 21
2.2 Nature of the Hydrogen Bond 23
2.3 The Experimental Crux of the Nature of
Hydrogen Bond 24
2.4 Importance of the Hydrogen Bond 28
2.5 Types of Hydrogen Bond 30
2.6 Hydrogen Bond in Water and Ice 31
2.7 Conclusions 41
3. Hydrogen in Nuclear Fusion 43
3.1 What Is Nuclear Fusion? 43
3.2 Hydrogen Burning in Stars 46
3.3 Fusion on the Earth 49
3.4 Conclusions 51
4. Photosynthesis 53
4.1 Introduction 53
4.2 Design of Photosynthetic Systems 54
4.3 How Is Photosynthesis Carried Out? 60
4.3.1 Light-Harvesting Complex 61
4.3.2 The Reaction Center 64
4.3.3 Electron Transfer Chain and Proton
Chemiosmosis 69
4.4 Role of Hydrogen in Photosynthesis 71
4.5 Light-Independent Reactions in Photosynthesis 75
4.6 Conclusions 77
5. Hydrogen in Metabolism: Oxidative Respiration 79
5.1 Hydrogen and Metabolism 79
5.2 Mitochondrion and Its Functions 82
5.2.1 Mitochondrion Design 82
5.2.2 Glycolysis 85
5.2.3 Transition Stage between Glycolysis and
Citric Acid Cycle 86
5.2.4 Citric Acid Cycle 86
5.3 The Behavior of Hydrogen in the Respiration
Process 87
5.4 Electron Transport Chain 89
5.5 Conclusions 92
6. Biohydrogen Production 95
6.1 Introduction 95
6.2 Metabolic Pathway Engineering as a Strategy 96
6.3 Nitrogenase and Nitrogen Fixation 96
6.4 Hydrogenases 100
6.5 Direct Photobiological Production 101
6.6 Indirect Photobiological Production 106
6.7 Photofermentation 107
6.8 Hydrogen Synthesis via the Water–Gas Shift
Reaction of Photoheterotrophic Bacteria 108
6.9 Dark Fermentation 109
6.10 Perspectives of Biohydrogen Production 110
6.11 Conclusions 114
7. Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting under
the Action of Light 115
7.1 Introduction 115
7.2 Requirements for Semiconductor Catalysts 117
7.3 Two Approaches for Achieving Water Splitting 122
7.4 Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Using
Semiconductor Photoelectrodes under Visible Light 127
7.5 Water Splitting and Nanotechnologies 128
7.6 Conclusions 134
8. Conventional Methods of Hydrogen Production 135
8.1 Introduction 135
8.2 Steam Reforming 135
8.3 Partial Oxidation 136
8.4 Electrolysis and Thermolysis 136
8.5 Which is the New Catalyst for Water
Electrolysis? 140
8.6 Conclusions 142
9. Hydrogen Fuel Cells 143
9.1 Introduction 143
9.2 Design of a Fuel Cell 144
9.3 Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 146
9.4 Preparation and Properties of the Nafion
Membrane 148
9.5 Catalyst Research 152
9.5.1 Increasing Catalytic Activity 152
9.5.2 Reducing Poisoning 153
9.6 Conclusions 154
10. Hydrogen Storage 155
10.1 Introduction 155
10.2 Conventional Methods of Hydrogen Storage 156
10.2.1 Liquid Hydrogen 156
10.2.2 Compressed Hydrogen 156
10.2.3 Underground Hydrogen Storage 157
10.3 Solid-State Hydrogen Storage 157
10.3.1 Requirements for Solid-State
Hydrogen-Storage Materials 157
10.3.2 Physical Hydrogen Storage in
Microporous Materials 160
10.3.3 Metal–Organic Frameworks 163
10.3.3.1 Structures 165
10.3.3.2 Impregnation 167
10.3.3.3 Catenation 167
10.3.3.4 Open metal sites 169
10.3.3.5 MOFs of light metals 170
10.3.3.6 Functionalized linkers, SBU
adsorptive sites, and the
energetics of physisorption 171
10.3.3.7 Characterization of hydrogen
uptake in MOFs 173
10.3.3.8 Conclusions concerning the
metal–organic frameworks 178
10.3.4 Zeolites 179
10.3.5 Carbons 181
10.3.5.1 Activated carbon 182
10.3.5.2 Carbon nanostructures 183
10.3.5.3 Synthesis 185
10.3.5.4 Three-dimensional carbon
nanotubes for hydrogen storage 185
10.3.5.5 Graphene–organic frameworks 186
10.3.5.6 Templated carbons 189
10.4 Interstitial Hydrides 189
10.4.1 Fundamentals of the Formation of
Hydrides 189
10.4.2 Palladium as an Example for Metal
Hydrides 196
10.4.2.1 Hydrogen purification with
the help of palladium 198
10.4.2.2 Palladium as an important
assistant in hydrogen storage 200
10.4.2.3 Hydrogen detection with the
help of palladium 204
10.4.2.4 Fuel cell catalysis 205
10.4.2.5 Conclusions concerning
palladium 205
10.4.3 Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage 207
10.4.3.1 Intermetallic compounds 208
10.4.3.2 AB5 compounds 209
10.4.3.3 AB2 compounds 210
10.4.3.4 AB compounds 211
10.4.3.5 Solid solution alloys 211
10.4.3.6 Modified binary hydrides 212
10.4.3.7 Amorphous and nanostructured
alloys 214
10.4.3.8 Complex hydrides 218
10.4.3.9 Complex transition metal
hydrides 221
10.4.3.10 Other materials 222
10.5 Conclusions 224
11. Production of Atomic Photochemical Hydrogen
and Photoinjection of Hydrogen in Solids 225
11.1 Introduction 225
11.2 Direct Photoinjection of Hydrogen in Transition
Metal Oxide Films 228
11.2.1 The Mechanism of Direct Photoinjection
of Hydrogen 228
11.2.2 Molecules Used as Hydrogen Donors 238
11.3 Changes in the Optical Parameters of the Oxide
due to Photoinjection of Hydrogen 241
11.3.1 Method of Illumination 241
11.3.2 The Nature of the Absorption Arising
with the PIH 241
11.4 Parameters Influencing the Photochromic
Sensitivity (Efficiency of the PIH) 255
11.4.1 Specific Surface Area 256
11.4.2 Fermi Level Position 256
11.4.3 Proton-Diffusion Coefficient 257
11.5 Photoinjection of Hydrogen with the Help of a
Hydrogen Injector 260
11.6 Pending Application for the Photochromism
Induced by Photoinjection of Hydrogen 263
11.6.1 Photochromic Registration Medium 263
11.6.2 Registration of X- and γ-Irradiation 264
11.6.3 Registration of β-Irradiation 265
11.6.4 Visualization of Ionic Beams 265
11.7 Conclusions 265
References 267
Index 317
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