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2013新书：氢能入门（英文）
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Hydrogen Energy for Beginners by Alexander Gavrilyuk Hardcover: 344 pages Publisher: Pan Stanford Publishing; 1 edition (December 4, 2013) Language: English ISBN-10: 9814364770 ISBN-13: 978-9814364775 This book highlights the outstanding role of hydrogen in energy processes, where it is the most functional element due to its unique peculiarities that are highlighted and emphasized in the book Contents 1. Unique Properties of Hydrogen 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 History of Hydrogen 1 1.3 Hydrogen Atom Electron Structure and Hydrogen Line 4 1.4 Origin of Neutral Hydrogen Emission 5 1.5 Unique Properties of Hydrogen Species 7 1.6 The Properties of Molecular Hydrogen 13 1.7 Hydrogen and Life 15 1.8 Hydrogen in Chemistry 16 1.9 Hydrogen in Physics and Engineering 17 1.10 Applications of Hydrogen Isotopes 18 1.11 Conclusions 19 2. Hydrogen Bond 21 2.1 What Is a Hydrogen Bond? 21 2.2 Nature of the Hydrogen Bond 23 2.3 The Experimental Crux of the Nature of Hydrogen Bond 24 2.4 Importance of the Hydrogen Bond 28 2.5 Types of Hydrogen Bond 30 2.6 Hydrogen Bond in Water and Ice 31 2.7 Conclusions 41 3. Hydrogen in Nuclear Fusion 43 3.1 What Is Nuclear Fusion? 43 3.2 Hydrogen Burning in Stars 46 3.3 Fusion on the Earth 49 3.4 Conclusions 51 4. Photosynthesis 53 4.1 Introduction 53 4.2 Design of Photosynthetic Systems 54 4.3 How Is Photosynthesis Carried Out? 60 4.3.1 Light-Harvesting Complex 61 4.3.2 The Reaction Center 64 4.3.3 Electron Transfer Chain and Proton Chemiosmosis 69 4.4 Role of Hydrogen in Photosynthesis 71 4.5 Light-Independent Reactions in Photosynthesis 75 4.6 Conclusions 77 5. Hydrogen in Metabolism: Oxidative Respiration 79 5.1 Hydrogen and Metabolism 79 5.2 Mitochondrion and Its Functions 82 5.2.1 Mitochondrion Design 82 5.2.2 Glycolysis 85 5.2.3 Transition Stage between Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle 86 5.2.4 Citric Acid Cycle 86 5.3 The Behavior of Hydrogen in the Respiration Process 87 5.4 Electron Transport Chain 89 5.5 Conclusions 92 6. Biohydrogen Production 95 6.1 Introduction 95 6.2 Metabolic Pathway Engineering as a Strategy 96 6.3 Nitrogenase and Nitrogen Fixation 96 6.4 Hydrogenases 100 6.5 Direct Photobiological Production 101 6.6 Indirect Photobiological Production 106 6.7 Photofermentation 107 6.8 Hydrogen Synthesis via the Water–Gas Shift Reaction of Photoheterotrophic Bacteria 108 6.9 Dark Fermentation 109 6.10 Perspectives of Biohydrogen Production 110 6.11 Conclusions 114 7. Hydrogen Production via Water Splitting under the Action of Light 115 7.1 Introduction 115 7.2 Requirements for Semiconductor Catalysts 117 7.3 Two Approaches for Achieving Water Splitting 122 7.4 Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Using Semiconductor Photoelectrodes under Visible Light 127 7.5 Water Splitting and Nanotechnologies 128 7.6 Conclusions 134 8. Conventional Methods of Hydrogen Production 135 8.1 Introduction 135 8.2 Steam Reforming 135 8.3 Partial Oxidation 136 8.4 Electrolysis and Thermolysis 136 8.5 Which is the New Catalyst for Water Electrolysis? 140 8.6 Conclusions 142 9. Hydrogen Fuel Cells 143 9.1 Introduction 143 9.2 Design of a Fuel Cell 144 9.3 Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 146 9.4 Preparation and Properties of the Nafion Membrane 148 9.5 Catalyst Research 152 9.5.1 Increasing Catalytic Activity 152 9.5.2 Reducing Poisoning 153 9.6 Conclusions 154 10. Hydrogen Storage 155 10.1 Introduction 155 10.2 Conventional Methods of Hydrogen Storage 156 10.2.1 Liquid Hydrogen 156 10.2.2 Compressed Hydrogen 156 10.2.3 Underground Hydrogen Storage 157 10.3 Solid-State Hydrogen Storage 157 10.3.1 Requirements for Solid-State Hydrogen-Storage Materials 157 10.3.2 Physical Hydrogen Storage in Microporous Materials 160 10.3.3 Metal–Organic Frameworks 163 10.3.3.1 Structures 165 10.3.3.2 Impregnation 167 10.3.3.3 Catenation 167 10.3.3.4 Open metal sites 169 10.3.3.5 MOFs of light metals 170 10.3.3.6 Functionalized linkers, SBU adsorptive sites, and the energetics of physisorption 171 10.3.3.7 Characterization of hydrogen uptake in MOFs 173 10.3.3.8 Conclusions concerning the metal–organic frameworks 178 10.3.4 Zeolites 179 10.3.5 Carbons 181 10.3.5.1 Activated carbon 182 10.3.5.2 Carbon nanostructures 183 10.3.5.3 Synthesis 185 10.3.5.4 Three-dimensional carbon nanotubes for hydrogen storage 185 10.3.5.5 Graphene–organic frameworks 186 10.3.5.6 Templated carbons 189 10.4 Interstitial Hydrides 189 10.4.1 Fundamentals of the Formation of Hydrides 189 10.4.2 Palladium as an Example for Metal Hydrides 196 10.4.2.1 Hydrogen purification with the help of palladium 198 10.4.2.2 Palladium as an important assistant in hydrogen storage 200 10.4.2.3 Hydrogen detection with the help of palladium 204 10.4.2.4 Fuel cell catalysis 205 10.4.2.5 Conclusions concerning palladium 205 10.4.3 Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage 207 10.4.3.1 Intermetallic compounds 208 10.4.3.2 AB5 compounds 209 10.4.3.3 AB2 compounds 210 10.4.3.4 AB compounds 211 10.4.3.5 Solid solution alloys 211 10.4.3.6 Modified binary hydrides 212 10.4.3.7 Amorphous and nanostructured alloys 214 10.4.3.8 Complex hydrides 218 10.4.3.9 Complex transition metal hydrides 221 10.4.3.10 Other materials 222 10.5 Conclusions 224 11. Production of Atomic Photochemical Hydrogen and Photoinjection of Hydrogen in Solids 225 11.1 Introduction 225 11.2 Direct Photoinjection of Hydrogen in Transition Metal Oxide Films 228 11.2.1 The Mechanism of Direct Photoinjection of Hydrogen 228 11.2.2 Molecules Used as Hydrogen Donors 238 11.3 Changes in the Optical Parameters of the Oxide due to Photoinjection of Hydrogen 241 11.3.1 Method of Illumination 241 11.3.2 The Nature of the Absorption Arising with the PIH 241 11.4 Parameters Influencing the Photochromic Sensitivity (Efficiency of the PIH) 255 11.4.1 Specific Surface Area 256 11.4.2 Fermi Level Position 256 11.4.3 Proton-Diffusion Coefficient 257 11.5 Photoinjection of Hydrogen with the Help of a Hydrogen Injector 260 11.6 Pending Application for the Photochromism Induced by Photoinjection of Hydrogen 263 11.6.1 Photochromic Registration Medium 263 11.6.2 Registration of X- and γ-Irradiation 264 11.6.3 Registration of β-Irradiation 265 11.6.4 Visualization of Ionic Beams 265 11.7 Conclusions 265 References 267 Index 317 - - -  9789814364775.jpg |
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