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Long Valley is in western White Pine County, Nevada, centered around T22N, R58E. It is a typical Tertiary basin of the Basin and Range province flanked on the east by the Butte Mountains and on the west by Buck Mountain and Alligator Ridge. The valley is more than 30 mi long, 10 mi wide, and has a north-south orientation. The mountains around Long Valley are rarely more than 2,000 ft higher than the valley floor and are more hilly than mountainous. Long Valley is approximately 75 mi north of the oil production at Grant Canyon field in Railroad Valley and 50 mi southeast of Blackburn field in Pine Valley (Fig. 1). Grant Canyon field, discovered in September 1983, has produced more than 8 MMBO. Production rates have exceeded 5,500 BPD from three wells. The reservoir is a Devonian dolomite. Similar reservoirs are present in Long Valley. Blackburn field, discovered in 1981, has produced more than 1 MMBO from Paleozoic carbonates and sandstones and Tertiary volcanics (Scott et al, 1987). Marine sediments, predominantly carbonates, were deposited in eastern Nevada throughout most of Paleozoic time. In the middle of the Paleozoic, the Antler orogeny occurred in central Nevada more than 50 mi west of Long Valley. This orogeny produced a highland in central Nevada from which clastic sediments were shed eastward into a Mississippian foreland basin that included the Long Valley area. Here this clastic sequence is included in the Diamond Peak Formation and the Chainman Shale , the premier source rock of eastern Nevada. The Antler orogeny may also have produced some mild, broad, open folds in White Pine Countv. The Mesozoic, especially post-Triassic, was a time of uplift, erosion, and orogeny. An orogenic event, discussed in detail by Misch (1960), appears to have occurred primarilv in the jurassic and produced rather intense folding and faulting throughout east-central Nevada. A pronounced angular unconformitv occurs below the scattered Cretaceous rocks in the region. Thrust faulting is observed in White Pine County, but its total extent and significance are not well known. Extensive volcanism occurred in the middle and late Tertiary, especially in the Oligocene, covering much of ease-central Nevada with volcanic debris. The present valley and mountain terrain results from the Basin and Range orogeny that started in middle Tertiarv time and continues at present. This tectonic event is characterized by large normal faults producing the large valley basins. |
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