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[资源]
★★★★★★★2014书籍超级帖四七九:生物质转化好书
书名Biological Conversion of Biomass
for Fuels and Chemicals
Explorations from Natural Utilization
Systems
作者Jianzhong Sun
Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
页数426
出版社RSC
ISBN: 978-1-84973-424-0
ISSN: 2044-0774
Contents
Chapter 1 Biomass and its Biorefinery: Novel Approaches from
Nature-Inspired Strategies and Technology 1
Jianzhong Sun, Shi-You Ding and Joy Doran-Peterson
1.1 Current Technologies in the Biological Conversion of
Biomass to Biofuels 1
1.2 Natural Biomass Utilization Systems and their
Potential for Biorefinery 3
1.3 Perspectives on Breakthroughs in Biorefinery for
Fuels and Chemicals 7
1.3.1 Understanding Biomass Recalcitrance to
Deconstruction 7
1.3.2 Exploring and Integrating Nature-Inspired
Technology 9
1.3.3 Perspectives for the Advanced Biological
Conversion of Biomass 11
References 12
Chapter 2 Overview of Lignocellulose: Structure and Chemistry 14
Shi-You Ding
2.1 Introduction 14
2.2 Cell Wall Biogenesis 15
2.3 The Cell Wall Structure in Biomass 18
2.4 The Cell Wall Chemistry in Biomass 21
2.5 Conclusion and Future Directions 22
Acknowledgements 24
References 24
RSC Energy and Environment Series No. 10
Biological Conversion of Biomass for Fuels and Chemicals: Explorations from Natural Utilization
Systems
Edited by Jianzhong Sun, Shi-You Ding and Joy Doran-Peterson
r The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014
Published by the Royal Society of Chemistry, www.rsc.org
vii
.
Published on 04 November 2013 on http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/9781849734738-FP007
Chapter 3 Advances in the Measurement and Characterization of
Biomass Structure and Processing 26
Yu-San Liu and Shi-You Ding
3.1 Introduction 26
3.2 Atomic Force Microscopy 27
3.3 Fluorescence Microscopy 28
3.3.1 Carbohydrate-Binding Modules 29
3.3.2 Monoclonal Antibodies 29
3.4 Fourier Transform Infrared
Microspectroscopy 30
3.4.1 Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier
Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy 30
3.4.2 Synchrotron-Radiation-Based Fourier
Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy 31
3.5 Raman Spectroscopy 32
3.5.1 Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering
Microscopy 32
3.5.2 Stimulated Raman Scattering
Microscopy 32
3.6 Transmission Electron Microscopy 33
3.7 Scanning Electron Microscopy 34
References 34
Chapter 4 Lignin Modification to Reduce the Recalcitrance of Biomass
Processing 37
Bassem B. Hallac and Arthur J. Ragauskas
4.1 Introduction 37
4.2 Lignin 38
4.3 Ethanol Organosolv Pretreatment 40
4.4 Analytical Techniques used for Ethanol Organosolv
Lignin Characterization 41
4.4.1 Quantitative 13C NMR Spectroscopy 41
4.4.2 Quantitative 31P NMR Spectroscopy 42
4.4.3 Gel-Permeation Chromatography 43
4.5 The Chemistry of Ethanol Organosolv
Delignification 44
4.6 Structural Features of Ethanol Organosolv
Lignin 49
4.7 Applications of Ethanol Organosolv Lignin 50
4.8 Conclusions 50
References 51
viii Contents
.
Published on 04 November 2013 on http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/9781849734738-FP007
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Chapter 5 Advances in the Genetic Manipulation of Cellulosic
Bioenergy Crops for Bioethanol Production 53
Chuansheng Mei and Callista Rakhmatov
5.1 Introduction 53
5.1.1 The Need/Demand for Ethanol Fuel in the
USA 53
5.1.2 The Potential for Corn Ethanol Fuel
Production 54
5.1.3 Cellulosic Ethanol Potential 54
5.1.4 The Ethanol Production Process 55
5.1.5 The Plant Cell Wall 55
5.2 Cell Wall Degradation 57
5.2.1 Natural Processes 57
5.2.2 Biorefinery 58
5.3 The Current Status of Ethanol Production from
Lignocellulosic Biomass 59
5.3.1 Challenges to Cellulosic Ethanol
Production 60
5.4 Plants as Biofactories for Hydrolysis Enzyme
Production 60
5.4.1 Plants as Biofactories 61
5.4.2 Enzyme Resources: Bacteria, Fungi, and
Insects (Termites) 61
5.4.3 Thermostable/Thermophilic Enzymes 63
5.4.4 Subcellular Targeting 64
5.5 Successful Genetic Engineering of Cell Wall
Degradation Enzymes in Plants 65
5.5.1 Transgenic Plants with Cellulase Genes 65
5.5.2 Transgenic Plants with Xylanase Genes 67
5.5.3 Transgenic Plants with Ligninase Genes 68
5.6 Challenges and Perspectives 68
5.6.1 Low Levels of Foreign Protein
Accumulation 69
5.6.2 Plant Growth and Development 70
5.6.3 Induced Promoters/Tissue-Specific
Promoters 71
5.6.4 Combinations of Different Enzymes
in Plants 71
5.6.5 Chloroplast Transformation 72
5.6.6 Enzyme Activity 74
5.7 Future Directions 74
5.7.1 Pretreatment Technology 74
5.7.2 In Planta Hydrolysis Enzyme Production 75
References 76
Contents
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