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[资源] Springer-- Neutrino Mass

Contents

1 Neutrino Mass, Mixing, and Flavor Change ................ 1
Boris Kayser ................................................... 1
1.1 Neutrino Masses and Mixing, and the Seesaw .................. 1
1.2 What is a Majorana Neutrino? ............................... 11
1.3 Neutrino Flavor Change ..................................... 15
1.4 Double Beta Decay ......................................... 21
1.5 Conclusion... .... .... .... .... ...... .... . .... .... .... .... ... 23
References ..................................................... 23
2 Laboratory Limits on Neutrino Masses ..................... 25
Christian Weinheimer ........................................... 25
2.1 Introduction ............................................... 25
2.2 Decay Kinematics of Weak Decays............................ 26
2.2.1 m(νμ)................................................ 27
2.2.2 m(ντ) ................................................ 27
2.2.3 m(νe)................................................ 28
β spectrum............................................ 29
Tritium β Decay Experiments. .......................... 32
β Decay Experiments with Cryogenic Bolometers.
.........40
2.3 Search for Neutrinoless Double β Decay ....................... 41
2.3.1 Double β Decay ....................................... 42
2.3.2 Double-β-DecayExperiments............................ 45
2.4 Summary and Outlook ...................................... 49
Acknowledgments . .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .. .... .... ... 50
References ..................................................... 51
3 Astrophysical and Cosmological Constraints
on Neutrino Masses .... .... .... .... .... ..... ...... .... .... ... 53
Kimmo Kainulainen and Keith A. Olive ........................... 53
3.1 Introduction ............................................... 53
3.2 The Cosmological Relic Density of Stable Neutrinos.... .... .... . 54
3.3 Neutrinos as Dark Matter ................................... 57
3.4 Neutrinos and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis ...................... 59
3.4.1 BBN Limits on Neutrino Masses and Lifetimes ... .... .... . 62
3.4.2 BBN Limits on Neutrino Mixing Parameters .............. 64
3.5 Neutrinos and Supernovae ................................... 66
3.6 Neutrinos and Cosmic Rays.................................. 70
Acknowledgments . .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... ...... .... ... 72
References ..................................................... 72
4 Experimental Results on Neutrino Oscillations .... .... .... . 75
Achim Geis er . .................................................. 75
4.1 Introduction ............................................... 75
4.1.1 A Brief History of Neutrinos ............................ 75
4.1.2 Neutrino Sources ...................................... 77
4.2NeutrinoOscillationsandTheirDetection.....................80
4.2.1NeutrinoOscillations...................................80
4.2.2 Matter Effects ........................................ 83
4.2.3DetectionofNeutrinoOscillations.......................84
4.3 Solar Neutrino Experiments.................................. 85
4.3.1 Radiochemical Experiments............................. 87
4.3.2 Real-Time Experiments ................................ 88
4.3.3 Discussion of Results................................... 94
4.4 Atmospheric Neutrino Experiments ........................... 97
4.4.1 Main ExperimentalResults ............................. 99
4.4.2 Alternative Explanations ............................... 102
4.5 Reactor Experiments........................................ 105
4.6AcceleratorExperiments....................................110
4.6.1 LSND and KARMEN .................................. 110
4.6.2 CHORUS and NOMAD ................................ 115
4.6.3 Long-BaselineExperiments ............................. 120
4.7 Summary and Conclusions................................... 124
Acknowledgments . .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... ...... .... ... 126
References ..................................................... 126
5 Theoretical Interpretation
of Current Neutrino Oscillation Data ......................... 135
Gianluigi Fogli and Eligio Lisi .................................... 135
5.1Two-NeutrinoOscillations...................................135
5.2Three-NeutrinoOscillations..................................136
5.2.1 3ν Mass Spectra....................................... 137
5.2.2 3ν Mixing .. .... .... .... .... ...... . .... .... .... .... ... 138
5.2.3 3ν Dynamics .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... ...... .... ... 138
5.3 Reactor Neutrinos in a 3ν Interpretation ...................... 139
5.4 Atmospheric Neutrinos in a 3ν Interpretation .................. 141
5.4.1 ParameterSpace ...................................... 141
5.4.2 Data... .... .... .... .... .... ...... . .... .... .... .... ... 142
5.4.3 Graphical Representations .............................. 143
5.4.4 Constraints on 3ν Parameters ........................... 144
5.4.5 2ν Subcase: Impact of the First K2KData................ 149
5.5 Solar Neutrinos in a 3ν Interpretation......................... 151
5.5.1 2ν Analysis (φ =0).................................... 151
5.5.2 3ν Analysis (φ =0, Within CHOOZ Limits) . .... .... .... . 153
5.5.3 3ν Analysis (φ Unconstrained) .......................... 154
5.6 Summary of 3ν Mixing ...................................... 154
5.7 Four-NeutrinoOscillationsin"2+2"Scenarios. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155
5.7.1 4ν Mass Spectrum, Mixing, and Dynamics ................ 155
5.7.2 Atmospheric Neutrinos ................................. 157
5.7.3 Solar Neutrinos ....................................... 158
5.7.4 Global "2+2" Interpretation ............................ 159
5.7.5 Comments on "3+1" Mass Spectra ...................... 161
5.8 Addendum:ImpactoftheVeryLatestNeutrinoData . . . . . . . . . . .161
5.8.1 Impact of New Solar Neutrino Data...................... 161
5.8.2 Impact of New Atmospheric and Accelerator Data . . . . . . . . . 162
5.9 General Summary .... .... .... .... .... ....... .... .... .... ... 163
References ..................................................... 163
6 Theoretical Models of Neutrino Masses and Mixings .. .... . 169
Guido Altarelli and Ferruccio Feruglio ............................. 169
6.1 Introduction ............................................... 169
6.2 Neutrino Masses and Lepton Number Nonconservation . . . . . . . . . . 170
6.3 Baryogenesis via Leptogenesis from Heavy-νc Decay............. 172
6.4 Models with Four(or More)Neutrinos ........................ 174
6.5 Three-Neutrino Models...................................... 176
6.5.1 Degenerate Neutrinos .................................. 178
6.5.2 Inverted Hierarchy..................................... 182
6.5.3 Normal Hierarchy ..................................... 184
6.5.4 Summary... .... .... .... .... .. .... . .... .... .... .... ... 188
6.6 Importance of Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay................. 189
6.7 Expectations for θ13 ........................................ 190
6.8 Grand Unified Models of Fermion Masses ...................... 191
6.8.1ModelsBasedonHorizontalAbelianCharges . . . . . . . . . . . . .192
F (fermions) ≥ 0. ...................................... 192
F (fermions) and F (flavons)of Both Signs. ................ 194
F (fermions) of Both Signs and F (flavons) < 0. ............ 196
6.8.2 GUT Models Based on SO(10) .......................... 197
6.9 Conclusion... .... .... .... .... ...... .... . .... .... .... .... ... 198
Acknowledgments . .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .. .... .... ... 201
References ..................................................... 201
7 The Physics Potential of Future Long-Baseline
Neutrino Oscillation Experiments ............................. 209
Manfred Lindner ................................................ 209
7.1 Introduction ............................................... 209
7.2 Beams and Detectors ....................................... 210
7.3TheOscillationFramework..................................214
7.4 Correlations and Degeneracies................................ 220
7.5 Event Rates . .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... ...... .... .... ... 222
7.6 The LBL Setups Considered ................................. 224
7.7 The Qualitative Picture ..................................... 228
7.8 The Analysis..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. .... .... .... ... 230
7.9 Results.. .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....... .... .... .... ... 232
7.10 Conclusions................................................ 237
Acknowledgements .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... .... ...... ... 238
References ..................................................... 238
Index ......................................................... 243

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