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苦咖啡酸苹果

金虫 (小有名气)

笨笨

应助: 0 (幼儿园)
金币: 931.8
散金: 20
帖子: 153
在线: 62小时
虫号: 1464493
注册: 2011-10-28
性别: MM
专业: 凝聚态物性 II ：电子结构

[求助] 帮忙翻译一下实验步骤

All the reactions were carried out at room temperature under ambient conditions. High-purity bismuth nitrate [Bi(NO3)3·5H2O], ferric nitrate [Fe(NO3)3·9H2O], and scandiumoxide [Sc2O3] were o btained from commercial sources(Aldrich). In a typical procedure, an aqueous solution of Bi(NO3)3·6H2O (2.082 g, 4.29 mmol) and Fe(NO3)3.9H2O(1.734 g, 4.29 mmol) was sonicated for 20 min. The pH of the solution was then adjusted to 8 by adding ammonia solution, and the resultant mixture was irradiated with a high-intensity(100 W cm−2) ultrasonic radiation operating at 20 kHz, under air at room temperature for 100 min. This was done by the direct immersion of a titanium horn (13 mm diameter) to a depth of 6 cm in the solution. The subsequently formed white precipitate was centrifuged and washed with distilled water and finally with acetone. The product was heated under air in furnace at 525 ° C for 1 h.
这是一篇文献的实验部分，有几个地方不太明确希望大侠给解答一下。
1. sonicated for 20 min 声处理？是超声？还是别的社么步骤。
2. irradiated with a high-intensity(100 W cm−2) ultrasonic radiation operating at 20 kHz 这句也不太明白。
3.titanium horn是什么东西？

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