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随着汽车工业的发展，机器设备对润滑油的要求越来越高，单从炼制工艺提高润滑油质量已不能满足高速度、高负荷、大功率等苛刻条件的要求。添加剂是现代润滑油的精髓，对减摩抗磨，提高机器性能发挥着巨大的作用。粘度指数改进剂是用于制备多级内燃机油、液压油和齿轮油的主要添加剂，在润滑油中添加粘度指数改进剂，可获得低温起动性能好、高温下又能保持适当粘度的多级油，从而使油品四季通用、南北通用。 目前，常用的粘度指数改进剂有聚甲基丙烯酸酯(PMA)、乙烯-丙烯共聚物(OCP)、氢化苯乙烯-双烯共聚物(HSD)、聚异丁烯(PIB)等。由于乙丙共聚物粘度指数改进剂热稳定性好、稠化能力强、油溶性好，且价格便宜，在中高档内燃机油中得到广泛的应用。但作为单效添加剂发展还远远不够，通过各种化学改性手段引入分散、抗氧、抗磨基团，开发高效、多功能粘度指数改进剂势在必行。 本论文以乙丙共聚物为主要原料，进行了新型多功能润滑油粘度指数改进剂的开发研制。主要研究工作包括以下三个方面： 1. 以有机过氧化物为引发剂，运用催化热氧化降解法，对乙丙共聚物进行可控降解。通过单因素考察，确定了制备乙丙共聚物粘度指数改进剂的最佳工艺条件，当选用150SN型号的基础油，加入16%的J0010型乙丙共聚物(按总质量计)，0.1%的过氧化二异丙苯为引发剂(按乙丙共聚物的质量计)，在170℃下降解4h后，所得产品的剪切稳定性为20，稠化能力达到6.50mm2/s以上。 2. 对降解所得单效乙丙共聚物粘度指数改进剂进行功能化，通过接枝和胺化反应，在乙丙共聚物大分子链上引入含有氮的基团，使其成为具有分散性能的乙丙共聚物粘度指数改进剂。通过单因素和正交实验分析可知，以0.5%的过氧化苯甲酰为接枝反应的引发剂(按乙丙共聚物的质量计)，马来酸酐和胺化物加入量分别为乙丙共聚物质量的12%和7%，接枝和胺化反应温度分别为160℃和140℃，所得产品的稠化能力在5.83 mm2/s以上，分散性能达到65.22%，可用于配置中高档润滑油。 3. 降解产品经接枝和胺化反应后进一步与抗氧化合物反应，在乙丙共聚物大分子链上引入抗氧基团，制得一种具有分散和抗氧化性能的多效乙丙共聚物粘度指数改进剂。通过单因素和正交实验确定了制备DAOCP的最佳工艺条件，当马来酸酐、多烯多胺、抗氧化合物加入量分别为12%、7%、5%；接枝温度、胺化温度、抗氧化反应温度分别为160℃、150℃、160℃时，产品的稠化能力在5.92 mm2/s以上，分散性能达到63.50%，成焦板低于15.8mg，成漆板在4.5级以下，可用于配置中高档润滑油。 |
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木虫之王 (文学泰斗)
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爱与雨下: 金币+5 2012-04-16 14:13:44
爱与雨下: , 欢迎常来 2012-04-16 14:14:49
mahongbin: 金币+150 2012-04-16 17:06:45
爱与雨下: 金币+5 2012-04-16 14:13:44
爱与雨下: , 欢迎常来 2012-04-16 14:14:49
mahongbin: 金币+150 2012-04-16 17:06:45
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With the development of the automotive industry, the increasingly high demand for machinery and equipment lubricants, and improve the quality of lubricating oil from the refining process alone can not meet the requirements of high speed, high load, high-power and other harsh conditions. The additive is the essence of modern lubricants, played a huge role on the tribological and improve machine performance. Viscosity index improver is used in the preparation of multi-grade engine oil, hydraulic oil and gear oil additives, added in the lubricating oil viscosity index improver, availability of good cold starting performance at high temperatures while maintaining appropriate viscosity multi-grade oil, so oil Four Seasons General, North and South Common. At present, the viscosity index improver polymethacrylate (PMA), ethylene - propylene copolymer (OCP), hydrogenated styrene - diene copolymer (HSD), polyisobutylene (PIB) and so on. Ethylene-propylene copolymer viscosity index improver agent has good thermal stability, the ability of thickening, oil-soluble, and the price is cheap, has been widely used in high-grade engine oil. But as the development of single-effect additives is not enough, the introduction of scattered through various means of chemically modified, antioxidant, anti-wear group, development of efficient multi-functional viscosity index improver is imperative. In this thesis, the main raw material ethylene-propylene copolymer, developed a new multi-functional lubricating oil viscosity index improver. The research work includes the following three aspects: An organic peroxide as initiator, using catalytic thermal oxidation degradation method, the controlled degradation of the ethylene-propylene copolymer. Single factor to determine the optimum conditions for preparation of ethylene-propylene copolymer viscosity index improver, he was elected J0010 type using the the 150SN model base oil, add 16% ethylene-propylene copolymer (total mass), 0.1% of dicumyl peroxide initiator (according to the quality of ethylene-propylene copolymer), the solution for 4h, the shear stability of the obtained product 20 decreased at 170 ℃, and the thickening capacity of more than 6.50mm2 / s. Functional degradation proceeds of a single effect of ethylene-propylene copolymer viscosity index improver by grafting and amination reaction, the introduction of nitrogen-containing groups in the macromolecular chains of the ethylene-propylene copolymer, making it the performance of the decentralized ethylene-propylene copolymer viscosity index improver. Analysis, the single factor and orthogonal experiments to 0.5% over the benzoyl peroxide initiator for the grafting reaction (according to the quality of ethylene-propylene copolymer), the amount of maleic anhydride and amine compounds were ethylene propylene copolymer The quality of 12% and 7%, grafting and amination reaction temperature of 160 ° C and 140 ° C, the thickening ability of the products obtained in more than 5.83 mm2 / s, the dispersion performance of 65.22% can be used to configure high-grade lubricants. Degradation products by grafting and amination reaction further reaction with the antioxidant compounds, the introduction of the antioxidant group, obtained a decentralized and multi-effect of the antioxidant properties of ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-propylene copolymer macromolecular chains material viscosity index improver. The a preparation DAOCP the optimum conditions determined by single factor and orthogonal experiments, maleic anhydride, polyene polyamines, the amount of antioxidant compounds were 12%, 7%, 5%; graft temperature, the temperature of the amination anti-oxidation reaction temperature is 160 ° C, 150 ° C, 160 ° C, the thickening capacity of more than 5.92 mm2 / s, the dispersion performance of 63.50% into the coke plate is less than 15.8mg, into the paint board 4.5 can be used for high-grade lubricating oil in the configuration. |
5楼2012-04-16 13:54:16