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[资源] Nanocosmetics and Nanomedicines: New Approaches for Skin Care2011

The book "Nanocosmetics and nanomedicines: new approaches for skin care contains a summary of the most important nanocarriers for skin delivery. Although Snanocosmetics is a subject widely commented in the academy and the beauty industry, a book covering the skin care treatments using nanotechnological approaches with cosmetics and nanomedicines is still missing, therefore the need for this publication. This book is divided in three parts: The first one (Part A) is devoted to a brief review on the main topics related to the skin delivery and to the introduction of the subject Snanocosmetics . The second part (Part B) presents different types of nanocarriers applied as skin delivery systems for cosmetics or drugs. The last part (Part C) shows a wide range of applications of nanotechnology on the skin care area as well as on dermatocosmetic and dermatological fields.

Cover

Nanocosmetics and Nanomedicines

ISBN 9783642197918

Forword

Contents

Part I Fundamentals of Skin Delivery

   1 Transport of Substances and Nanoparticles across the Skin and in Vitro Models to Evaluate Skin Permeation and/or Penetration

      Introduction

      Transport across the Skin

      In Vitro Models and Membranes Used to Evaluate Skin Permeation and/or Penetration

            In Vitro Diffusion Models

            Microscopy Techniques

            Membranes

      Transport of Nanoparticles and Encapsulated Substances across the Skin

            Nanoparticles Based on Organic Compounds

            Nanoparticles Based on Inorganic Compounds

      Concluding Remarks

      References

   2 Rheological Behavior of Semisolid Formulations Containing Nanostructured Systems

      Introduction

      Rheology: Fundamental Concepts

      Rheological Properties of Nanoparticles Incorporated into Semisolids

      Conclusions

      References

Part II Nanocarriers for Skin Care and Dermatological Treatments

   3 Polymeric Nanocapsules: Concepts and Applications

      Introduction

      Models of the Supramolecular Structure of Nanocapsules

            Core

            Surface

      Nanocapsule Preparation

            Chemical Methods

            Physicochemical Methods

      Methods of Physicochemical Characterization

      Nanocapsules in Skin Formulations: Advantages and Challenges

      Concluding Remarks

      References

   4 Topical Application of Nanostructures: Solid Lipid, Polymeric and Metallic Nanoparticles

      Introduction

      Preparation and Characterization of Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN)

            Hot Microemulsion

            Emulsification and Solvent Evaporation

            Solvent Diffusion Method

            High Pressure Homogenization (HPH) Method

            X-Ray Diffraction

            Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

            Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

            Microscopy Techniques

      Preparation and Characterization of Polymeric Nanoparticles

            Encapsulation Efficiency

            Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)

            Microscopic Techniques

            In Vitro Drug Release

            Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Other Molecular-Level Methods

      Preparation and Characterization of Metallic Nanoparticles

      Topical Application of SLN, and Polymeric and Silver Nanoparticles

            SLN Application

            Polymeric Nanoparticles

            Metallic Nanoparticles

      Future Perspectives

      References

   5 Lipid Nanoparticles as Carriers for Cosmetic Ingredients: The First (SLN) and the Second Generation (NLC)

      Introduction

      Nanocarriers and Skin Interaction

      Definitions

            Lipid Nanoparticles

            Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN)

            Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLC)

      Preparation of Lipid Nanoparticles

      Characterization of Lipid Nanoparticles

            Particle Size Distribution

            Zeta Potential

            Physical Stability Kinetics

            Crystal Structure

            Morphological Aspects

      Loading Capacity and Active Agent Incorporation Mechanisms

      Modulation of Active Agent Release

      Recent Advances and Advantages of SLN and NLC for Cosmetic Applications

            Formulations and Products

            Encapsulation as a Protective Tool

            The Occlusion Effect

            The UV Blocking Effect

      Conclusions and Future Perspectives

      References

   6 Industrial Production of Polymeric Nanoparticles: Alternatives and Economic Analysis

      Introduction

      Alternatives Proposal

      Definitions

            Investment Cost

            Production Cost

            Basic Concepts

      Methodology

      Analysis of Economic Viability

            Production of 10 kg/day

            Production of 20 kg/day

      Sensitivity Analysis of Sale Price vs. Production

      Conclusions

      References

   7 Elastic Liposomes

      Introduction

      State-of-Art Technologies

      Elastic Liposomes Systems

            Conventional Liposomes

            Elastic Liposomes

            Membrane Elasticity

            Mechanisms

      Characterization Methods

            Transdermal Transport of Liposomes

      Final Remarks

      References

   8 Chitosan as Stabilizer and Carrier of Natural Based Nanostructures

      Introduction

      Chitosan as Stabilizer of Nanostructures

      Chitosan as Carrier of Natural Based Nanostructures

      Concluding Remarks

      References

Part III Applications of Nanocosmetics and Nanomedicines for Skin Treatments

   9 Performance of Elastic Liposomes for Topical Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

      Introduction

            Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

            Chemotherapy

            Topical Treatment of CL

            Liposomes for Topical Treatment of CL

      Preparation of Elastic Liposomes Loaded with Chalcone CH8

            CH8- Loaded Conventional Liposomes (CH8-CvL)

            CH8- Loaded Pegylated Liposomes (CH8-PL)

      CH8-Loaded Liposome Characterization

            Size Distribution

            Morphology

            Phospholipids Concentration

            Elasticity

      Biological Assessments of the CH8-Loaded Liposomes

            In Vitro Skin Permeation

            Topical Efficacy against Murine CL

      Conclusion

      Future Perspectives

      References

   10 Druggable Targets for Skin Photoaging: Potential Application of Nanocosmetics and Nanomedicine

      Skin Phototoxicity

            Acute Effects of UV on Skin

            Chronic Effects of UV on Skin

      In Vitro Index of Phototoxicity

            Photo-Irritation Factor

      Molecular Markers of Skin Inflammation, Senescence and Photoaging

            Molecular Markers of Inflammation

            Molecular Marker of Senescence

      Nanocosmetics and Nanomedicine for Overcoming Skin Photoaging

            Photoprotection

      Molecular Action of the Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes in Skin Cells

      Final Remarks

      References

   11 Nanomedicine: Potential Killing of Cancercells Using Nanoparticles

      General Introduction

      Apoptosis

      Apoptosis Cell Death: Biochemistry and Molecular Aspects

      Cell Death by Apoptosis Signaling

      Cell Death and Cancer

      Nanomedicine for the Management of Cancer Cells

            Polymeric Nanoparticles

            Silver Nanoparticles

      Future Perspectives

      References

   12 Zebrafish as a Suitable Model for Evaluating Nanocosmetics and Nanomedicines

      Introduction

      Biology of Zebrafish

      Zebrafish as a Correlative and Predictive Model for Measuring Biomaterial Nanotoxicity

      Screening of Skin Care Products Based on Zebrafish Development

      Future Perspectives

      References

   13 Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanomaterials and Skin Care

      Nitric Oxide and Skin: Current Status

      The Role of NO in Physiologic Responses in the Skin

      NO and Skin Diseases

      NO and Wound Healing

      Nanotechnology and NO in Skin Treatments

      NO and Skin Pigmentation Enhancers

      Future Directions and Challenges in Dermatological Therapeutics

      References

   14 Nanocarriers and Cancer Therapy: Approaches to Topical and Transdermal Delivery

      Nanotechnology in Healthcare: Evolution

      Technological Advances: Nanotechnology and Cancer

      New Strategies for Topical and Transdermal Treatment of Cancer

            Target Delivery

            Chemical and Formulation Enhancers of Skin Penetration and Permeation

            Physical Methods: Iontophoresis, Sonophoresis, and Electroporation

            Microneedles

      Final Considerations

      References

   15 Nanocarriers to Deliver Photosensitizers in Topical Photodynamic Therapy and Photodiagnostics

      Topical Photodynamic Therapy

            General Considerations

            Skin Cancer and Non-neoplastic Disorders

            Photosensitizers and Precursors

      Skin as Administration Site for Topical PDT

            Skin Structure, Barrier and Permeability

            Drug Delivery Systems in Topical PDT

      Future Directives

      References

   16 Production of Nanofibers by Electrospinning Technology: Overview and Application in Cosmetics

      Overview

            Introduction

            History of Nanofibers Obtained by Electrospinning

      Preparation of Nanofiber by Electrospinning Technology

            Polymers Used in the Electrospinning Process

            Electrospinning Process Control Parameters

      Characterization of Electrospun Nanofibers

      Application of Polymer Nanofibers

      Application of Polymeric Nanofibers in Cosmetics

      Future Perspectives of Nanofibers by Electrospinning in Cosmetic Application

      References

   17 Nanosized and Nanoencapsulated Sunscreens

      Introduction

      Nanosized UV Filters

            TiO2 and ZnO-Induced Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity

            Skin Penetration

            Novel nanosized UV filters

      Nanoencapsulated UV Filters

            Skin Penetration

            Photostability

            UV-Blocking Ability

      Nanoparticles in Sunscreens Today: The Commercial Arena

      Conclusions

      References

About the Editors

Subject Index

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