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aishan(½ð±Ò+2): ¸ÐлӦÖú 2011-08-08 11:06:51
СÀ¼»¨(½ð±Ò+10): ¸Ðл°æÖ÷µÄÈÈÇé°ïÖú£¡·Ç³£¸Ðл£¡ 2011-08-08 23:18:10
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Microtensile stress-strain curves for submicrometer nanocrystalline aluminum thin films showing two distinct behaviors.7 The curve with the highest strength, gradual deviation from plasticity, and limited ductility is representative of a specimen that maintains its nanocrystalline grain size. By contrast, specimens observed to undergo stress-assisted room-temperature grain growth exhibit lower yield strengths and regions of extended plasticity.

Reference£ºThe Micro- and Nanoscale Tensile Testing of Materials
D.S. Gianola and C. Eberl
JOM£¬Vol. 61, No.3 pp. 24-35
http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/jom/0903/gianola-0903.html
2Â¥2011-08-08 00:43:07
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aishan(½ð±Ò+2): ÐÁ¿àÁË 2011-08-08 11:07:00
СÀ¼»¨(½ð±Ò+8): ·Ç³£¸Ðл°æÖ÷£¡ 2011-08-08 23:18:31
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Increasing the annealing time decreases the recrystallization temperature for the start of recrystallization.During recrystallization stage, there is a significant drop in tensile strength, hardness and a large increase in the ductility of the material (See Figure 1).

Figure 1. Effect of annealing on tensile strength, hardness, ductility and grain size.

Reference£ºBy: Serdar Z. Elgun£¬September 17, 1999
http://info.lu.farmingdale.edu/d ... nnealingstages.html
3Â¥2011-08-08 01:09:41
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aishan(½ð±Ò+2): ͦƯÁÁµÄͼƬ£¬¿´À´ÄãÊÇר¼Ò°¡ 2011-08-08 11:07:32
СÀ¼»¨(½ð±Ò+7): °æÖ÷µÄÖªÊ¶ÃæÕæ¿í£¡Ð»Ð»£¡ 2011-08-08 23:19:44
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Figure 2: The stress-strain diagram clearly shows the differing characters of TRIP and TWIP steel. TRIP steel can resist high stresses without deforming. TWIP steel deforms with low stresses, but does not break until strain reaches around 90 percent.

refrence£º
Multi Phase Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) Steel
http://www.keytometals.com/page. ... site=kts&NM=207
4Â¥2011-08-08 01:14:33
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4Â¥: Originally posted by imrsfb at 2011-08-08 01:14:33:
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Figure 2: The stress-strain diagram clearly shows the differing characters of TRIP and TWIP steel.  ...

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5Â¥2011-08-09 00:57:57
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aishan(½ð±Ò+2): ¸ÐлӦÖú 2011-08-09 09:43:40
СÀ¼»¨(½ð±Ò+10): °æÖ÷µÄ½ðÊôѧ֪ʶºÃÔ¨²©£¡ 2011-08-09 09:54:37
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5Â¥: Originally posted by СÀ¼»¨ at 2011-08-09 00:57:57:
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you can see this paper:

Chitin in the exoskeletons of Arthropoda: From ancient design to novel materials science
H. Fabritius, C. Sachs, D. Raabe, S. Nikolov, M. Fri¨¢k, J. Neugebauer
http://www.mpie.de/index.php?id=2957

Figure 1. Microstructure of arthropod cuticle using the American lobster Homarus americanus as model (a) Hierarchical organization starting with the acetylglucosamine molecules (I) forming antiparallel chains of ¦Á-chitin (II). Eighteen to 25 chitin molecules wrapped with proteins form nanofibrils (III) which aggregate forming chitin protein fibres (IV) that are arranged in horizontal planes where the long axes of the fibrers are all oriented in the same direction around the cavities of the pore canal system. (V). The chitin protein fibres form the typical twisted plywood structure (VI) of the threelayered cuticle (VII). (b) SEM micrograph of a cross section through the cuticle showing epicuticle and the organization of exo- and endocuticle with different stacking heights of the chitin protein fibres (white lines). (c) SEM micrograph of cross-fractured lobster cuticle showing the gradual rotation of the fibres planes around the normal axis (ND) of the cuticle and the interspersed pore canals.


Figure 11. Hierarchical model for lobster cuticle: (I), (II) - ¦Á-chitin properties via ab initio calculations; (III) representative volume element (RVE) for a single chitin-protein fiber; (IVa) RVE for chitin-protein fibers arranged in twisted plywood and embedded in mineral-protein matrix; (IVb) RVE for the mineral-protein matrix; (V) homogenized twisted plywood without canals; (VI) homogenized plywood pierced with hexagonal array of canals; (VII) 3-layer cuticle.
6Â¥2011-08-09 02:01:14
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Ìú¸Ëľ³æ (ÖøÃûдÊÖ)

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aishan(½ð±Ò+2): ¸ÐлӦÖú 2011-08-09 09:43:52
СÀ¼»¨(½ð±Ò+15): ·Ç³£¸Ðл£¡Ò»ÏÂ×ÓÕÒµ½Õâô¶àºÃ×ÊÁÏ£¡ 2011-08-09 09:55:15
¿´¿´Õ⼸¸öÓÐÒâ˼µÄͼƬ£º

Failure of materials and structures involves many length-scales, from the macroscopic scale to the level of Angstrom where chemical bonds are found (adapted from Buehler and Xu, Nature, 2010). A comprehensive analysis of failure must start at a fundamental level in order to represent key mechanisms of how materials fail. (Images: Buehler group, MIT)


The long term impact of our work is that it will extend our ability to perform structural engineering at the macroscale, to the ultimate scale, the nanoscale.
Opening the material scale as design space for new material development may open endless possibilities for development of robust, adaptive, active, and ¡®smart¡¯
materials.
Ref. Markus J. Buehler* and Theodor Ackbarow£¬Materials Today£¬SEPTEMBER 2007 | VOLUME 10 | NUMBER 9


Traditionally different disciplines focus on different length scales. Multiscale modelling of materials across the length scales requires overcoming the borders between the disciplines for a seamless integration of the models on different length scales into one coherent multi-scale modelling framework (After D.G. Pettifor, 1991).
http://www.icams.de/content/research-at-icams/research-index.html

Muti length scale engineering design
http://www.hero-m.mse.kth.se/

[ Last edited by imrsfb on 2011-8-9 at 03:15 ]
7Â¥2011-08-09 03:07:27
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