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The intensity ratio of the D and G bands (ID/IG) is commonly used to evaluate the quality of carbon materials. No obvious D band was observed for any of the MWCNTs dispersed on substrates (Supplementary Fig. 6), suggesting the high quality of the starting materials. The average ID/IG values were respectively 0.38, 0.30 and 0.28 for our single-, bi- and trilayer GNRs with 10¨C20-nm widths.Because defect density on the pristine MWCNTs was low, the D-band Raman signal of our GNRs should be mainly due to their open edges24,25. The ID/IG values were lower than those for GNRs obtained by lithographic etching of pristine graphene sheets (ID/IG was ,2 for a bilayer GNR of,28-nm width obtained by lithographic patterning (X. R. Wang et al., unpublished data); see Supplementary Fig. 5),indicating the high quality of our GNRs, in particular the high degree of edge smoothness.

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