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This is the most ancient method of distillation and the most
versatile. This method requires the simplest setup and it is used extensively by
smallholder producers of essential oils (Figure 2.4). The herb is loaded into a tub and
covered with enough water to ensure the plant material is suspended. This mixture is
heated until it boils and the vapors rise from the tub and then condensed. Once the
vapors are condensed the liquid mixture is poured in a separator where the oil and
water separate by density difference (Denny 1991). The water sometimes is also used
and is marketed as "floral waters" (also called hydrosol or sweet water) - such as
rosewater, lavender water and orange water.
Some disadvantages are the variability on the distillation rate due to the uncontrolled
heat rate input; possible overheated and eventually the aromatic materials can get
burned. Improved distillation control can be obtained by using steam from a separate
boiler. A further disadvantage of this system is that it requires the heating of a large
quantity of water and the associated energy demand adds to the costs and time needed
for each distillation.

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sltmac(½ð±Ò+1): 2011-04-28 18:14:45
This is the most ancient method of distillation and the most versatile. This method requires the simplest setup and it is used extensively by smallholder producers of essential oils.

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sltmac(½ð±Ò+3): 2011-04-28 18:15:10
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