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This is the most ancient method of distillation and the most versatile. This method requires the simplest setup and it is used extensively by smallholder producers of essential oils (Figure 2.4). The herb is loaded into a tub and covered with enough water to ensure the plant material is suspended. This mixture is heated until it boils and the vapors rise from the tub and then condensed. Once the vapors are condensed the liquid mixture is poured in a separator where the oil and water separate by density difference (Denny 1991). The water sometimes is also used and is marketed as "floral waters" (also called hydrosol or sweet water) - such as rosewater, lavender water and orange water. Some disadvantages are the variability on the distillation rate due to the uncontrolled heat rate input; possible overheated and eventually the aromatic materials can get burned. Improved distillation control can be obtained by using steam from a separate boiler. A further disadvantage of this system is that it requires the heating of a large quantity of water and the associated energy demand adds to the costs and time needed for each distillation. |
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zerohead
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2楼2011-04-21 02:48:09
yaoshixs
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sltmac(金币+3): 2011-04-28 18:15:10
sltmac(金币+3): 2011-04-28 18:15:10
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这是一种最古老和最通用的蒸馏方法，这种方法需要最简单的设备并被小型生产商广泛应用于精油（图片2.4）的生产。使用这种方法时，首先将药草放入一个罐中，用足够量的水覆盖住药草保证植物组织处于悬浮状态；然后将混合物加热到沸腾使蒸汽从罐中出来，然后进行浓缩。当蒸汽浓缩成液体之后，将液体混合物转移至分离器中，油和水在分离器中由于密度的差异而得到分离（Denny在1991年发明的方法）。人们有时把这种水当做“天然花卉水”（也可以叫做水溶胶或者甜水），它可以像玫瑰水、熏衣水和橘子水一样使用或者出售。 这种方法的缺点有，由于不可控制的传热率导致的变化的蒸馏速率，以及可能的过热会导致的芳香性物质的破坏。为了获得可以控制的蒸馏装置，我们可以使用一个蒸汽发生器，但是这种方法的缺点是需要加热大量的水，这样的话，每次蒸馏加热水需要的能量会提高成本并耗费大量时间。 纯手工翻译。  |
3楼2011-04-24 16:41:20
mengxs
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基本还是翻译器 4楼2011-04-25 19:57:15
yinjuanchen
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5楼2011-04-26 09:56:01
yinjuanchen
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sltmac(金币+6, 翻译EPI+1): 欢迎常来~~ 2011-04-28 18:15:26
sltmac(金币+6, 翻译EPI+1): 欢迎常来~~ 2011-04-28 18:15:26
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This is the most ancient method of distillation and the most versatile. This method requires the simplest setup and it is used extensively by smallholder producers of essential oils (Figure 2.4). The herb is loaded into a tub and covered with enough water to ensure the plant material is suspended. This mixture is heated until it boils and the vapors rise from the tub and then condensed. Once the vapors are condensed the liquid mixture is poured in a separator where the oil andwater separate by density difference (Denny 1991). （Denny 1991）The water sometimes is also used and is marketed as "floral waters" (also called hydrosol or sweet water) - such as rosewater, lavender water and orange water.Some disadvantages are the variability on the distillation rate due to the uncontrolled heat rate input; possible overheated and eventually the aromatic materials can get burned. Improved distillation control can be obtained by using steam from a separate boiler.A further disadvantage of this system is that it requires the heating of a large quantity of water and the associated energy demand adds to the costs and time needed for each distillation. 这是一种最古老也是应用最广的蒸馏方法。此方法装置简单，小作坊常用此法生产精油（见图2.4）。他们将药草放在一个容器中，加入足够的水浸泡，使药草都悬浮中水中。加热容器至沸腾，蒸汽上升并冷凝。当蒸汽冷凝成液态后，将液体转移至分流器，这样油和水的因密度不同分层，可达到提纯的目的。从分流器中分离的水也是有用的，被当作"花粉水"(也称为水溶胶或糖水)出售，例如市场上的玫瑰香水，薰衣草香水和橘子味香水等。由于加热速度不可控，所以蒸馏速率存在不确定性，导致这种方法会出现可能因过热最终芳香物质燃烧等缺点。 使用蒸汽发生器可提高蒸馏的可控性，但改进后的方法又存在另一个不足就是需要加热大量的水，这样每次蒸馏所消耗的能量会提高成本并耗费大量时间。 |
6楼2011-04-26 12:48:52
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