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binyao2010金虫 (正式写手)
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求助翻译不要那种用工具翻译的真的急用啊谢谢啊翻译好了再重谢啊
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Given that farmers recognized 20 varieties among 114 accessions, the analyses of genetic similarity was carried out among and within accessions and groups in order to confirm farmers’ indications that accessions belonged to a named variety. To this aim thegenetic similarity was calculated using simple matching coefficients (Sneath and Sokal 1973) by NTSYSpc version 2.02i computer software (Rohlf 2000). Then the similarity matrices were subjected to cluster analysis by the un-weighted pair-group method with the arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster method. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) based on Similarity matrix was calculated by using NTSYSPC- 2.02i computer software (Rohlf 2000). Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) was also conducted by using Genetic Analysis in Excel(GenALEx) (Peakall and Smouse 2001) based on Euclidean Distance matrix which provides information on the extent of diversity at the farm level as well at the regional level:这里是个欧几里得公式 Because the diversity of pistachio is uneven across the country, we also used the Shannon index of diversity (Magurran 1988) to study the geographical pattern of diversity, calculated using DIVA-GIS software:又一个公式不知道是什么也不上传了 This fact confirms our speculation that pistachio cultivations have increasingly led to the reduction of their genetic variation due to deployment of improved varieties and to the availability of private or public grafted seedling nurseries for pistachio, as well as the changing livelihood conditions (e.g. in the past exchange of local cultivars among farmers was very popular along with the consumption of nuts from wild taxa which were also object of exchange based on a 50% ratio with cultivated material). Recently the method of pistachio cultivation is changing leading towards an increased reduction of crop diversity deployed on farm. In the past (until app. 25 years ago) pistachiodiversity was maintained high in the field through a number of cultivation practices, s.a. use of male varieties derived from seed, use of wild Pistacia species to boost pollination and hence the fruit setting, use of natural populations of wild Pistacia (P. atlantica) as rootstock due to their well known resistance to stony and calcareous soils. The Shannon index that combines both richness and evenness, (Fig. 5) shows that the richest parts in diversity are in sites belonging to the Aleppo, Idleb and Hama provinces. These areas coincide with the main pistachio cultivating land in Syria. All other areas, show comparably lower diversity and it is interesting to note that they include new cultivations, where monoculture systems are being preferred to traditional ones based on larger diversity. This study has successfully determined that pistachio cultivated diversity in Syria can be grouped into 25 varieties, 20 of which have been previously studied albeit using limited morpho-agronomic traits and genetic relationship observations (Hadj-Hassan 1988; Ibrahim Basha et al. 2003; Riaz et al 2003). In addition of the confirmation of varieties previously recorded, this study is proposing 5 new ones, which have not been described before (Table 4). |
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xiaoqihu
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phyweiw(金币+2):勇挑重担奖~ 2010-03-07 20:53
binyao2010(金币+10): 2010-03-10 09:15
zap65535(金币+49):代发 2010-03-11 13:47
zap65535(金币+49):代发 2010-03-11 13:47
phyweiw(金币+2):勇挑重担奖~ 2010-03-07 20:53
binyao2010(金币+10): 2010-03-10 09:15
zap65535(金币+49):代发 2010-03-11 13:47
zap65535(金币+49):代发 2010-03-11 13:47
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给出了114个增加物中农户认识的20个不同种类，为了确定农户关于增加物属于一个已命名的种类的描述，通过在增加物和群内进行了遗传学相似性分析。为了达到这个目的，遗传学相似性是通过利用NTSYSpc软件计算简单的匹配系数得来的。然后将相似性矩阵通过无加权配对平均法归属为簇分析。基于相似性矩阵的主成分分析通过NTSYSPC- 2.02i 计算软件 (Rohlf 2000)计算得来。 分子方差分析是通过基于欧几里德距离矩阵 Excel(GenALEx) (Peakall and Smouse 2001)的遗传分析得来的，它提供了在农场等级和区域等级上的多样性信息。 因为开心果的多样性在整个国家是有差异的，我们同样用了植物群落多样性指数(Magurran 1988)去研究多样性的地理影响因素，其通过DIVA-GIS software 事实证明了我们关于大量增加的开心果种植导致了他们遗传变异的减少的推测，这是因为开心果的改良品种和私人或公众的嫁接移植的发展，改变生长环境也是因素之一（在过去，除了野外坚果和栽培物种基于50%比率的交换，在农户种植品种之间的交换也非常普遍的 ）。最近在农场栽培无花果技术的改变更加导致作物的多样性减少。25年前，无花果多样性通过多种栽培保持在很高的水平（源于种子的雄性物种采用，野生开心果物种改善授粉的采用，自然野生开心果作为根茎的采用——因为他们已知很好的抵抗多石和石灰性土壤的能力，等等） 组合了物种丰富度和均匀度的香农(氏)指数展现出多样性最丰富部分的地点是属于Aleppo, Idleb and Hama 省.这些地区与主要种植开心果叙利亚的地区保持一致。例外其他地区，展现较低的多样性，令人感兴趣的是，他们包括了新的栽植，建立在更大的多样性基础上单一栽培一直是传统栽培方式。 这项研究成功的确定了叙利亚开心果栽植的多样性可与被分为25个类型，其中20个在以前已经研究过，尽管是采用了有限的农艺学特性和遗传关系观察(Hadj-Hassan 1988; Ibrahim Basha et al. 2003; Riaz et al 2003)。另外除过证实了已记录的种类，又有5个以前没有记录的新的种类发现 [ Last edited by xiaoqihu on 2010-3-7 at 20:52 ] |
2楼2010-03-07 20:49:24
frank110119
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binyao2010(金币+2): 2010-03-11 08:28
zap65535(金币+50):代发 2010-03-11 13:46
binyao2010(金币+2): 2010-03-11 08:28
zap65535(金币+50):代发 2010-03-11 13:46
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3楼2010-03-08 08:49:07
fangye0413
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9楼2010-03-08 20:25:47
frank110119
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