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| 水分和氮素是限制小麦农业生产的两个最重要因素，是小麦碳代谢和氮代谢中不可或缺的原料，在关键环节发挥了不可替代的作用，对小麦地上部分的生理生长影响复杂。干旱作为影响小麦生产最主要的非生物胁迫因素，严重抑制作物的光合作用，引起作物体内叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量和相关酶活性的改变，对相关基因的表达产生影响，从而抑制作物的最终产量。本实验结果表明，低氮下，干旱提高两种小麦抽穗期叶绿素含量，但与正常浇水相比差异不显著，而高氮处理后，二个品种的叶绿素含量显著增加。可见在干旱条件下，氮素起到维持叶绿素稳定的作用，因为氮能增加叶片的类胡萝卜素含量，而类胡萝卜素的作用就是猝灭叶片中不稳定的三线态叶绿素和对光合膜有潜在破坏作用的单线态氧（于显枫等，2008）,从而减轻干旱胁迫对叶绿素完整性的破坏,减小光合膜受损程度, 起到保护光合机构、维持光合效率的作用，这与前人研究结果一致（薛崧和吴小平，1997）。本研究结果还表明干旱提高两种小麦抽穗期叶片游离氨基酸含量，降低可溶性蛋白含量，但对可溶性糖含量的影响与氮素水平有关，高氮显著增加两种小麦干旱下可溶性糖含量，并通过影响碳氮代谢途径提高小麦体内的可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量，缓解干旱对碳氮代谢造成的不利影响。张殿忠（1988）在其研究中就提到过高氮营养水平可减缓缺水植物的氮代谢紊乱。另外，本实验还得出干旱提高两种小麦gs酶活的结论。植物体内95%以上的铵需要通过gs/gogat 循环得到同化，gs是氮代谢的关键酶。在干旱胁迫下，gs酶活的提高在一定程度上促进作物氮代谢水平的提高，从而维持植物自身生存需要，这是植物应对干旱做出的反应。氮是氮代谢中的关键元素，提高氮素浓度能显著提高氮代谢水平，而gs 是处于氮代谢中心的多功能酶，参与多种氮代谢的调节，其活性的高低可以反映氮素同化能力的强弱（王月福等，2003）。这也就解释了本实验中的另一个结论：高氮成倍地提高干旱下gs酶活，同时也证明了氮素能缓解严重干旱对氮代谢产生的不利影响。在本实验中，干旱对gdh、pepc酶活的影响与品种有关，s品种的gdh、pepc酶活在干旱胁迫下提高，而d的gdh酶活基本保持不变，pepc酶活降低。这可能与d品种是抗旱性品种有关，由于d较耐旱，在干旱条件下他不需要像s一样，通过提高酶活性来增强自身的抗旱性。此外，高氮同样提高了干旱下二个小麦品种的gdh和pepc酶活，这都是代谢水平提高的表现。基因的表达受对多方面因素的影响，在本实验中，氮素对干旱下小麦碳氮代谢中相关酶基因表达的影响与有关。干旱降低gs1、gogat（除低氮下s）、gdh（除高氮下d）、pepc（除高氮下d）表达量，提高gs2、rubisco（除低氮下d）表达量；高氮降低干旱下gs1、gs2表达量，提高gogat（除干旱下s）、pepc（除正常浇水下d）、rubisco表达量。 |
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yzdjyj
铁杆木虫 (正式写手)
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2楼2018-12-21 08:43:45
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3楼2018-12-23 05:47:38
4楼2018-12-29 09:30:36
5楼2018-12-29 11:26:41
武汉一心一译 
捐助贵宾 (著名写手)
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爱与雨下: 金币+1 2019-01-04 21:42:12
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fjtony163: 翻译EPI+1, 代发 2019-01-28 02:49:07
爱与雨下: 金币+1 2019-01-04 21:42:12
yzdjyj(fjtony163代发): 金币+50, 代发 2019-01-28 02:48:03
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yzdjyj(fjtony163代发): 金币+50, 代发 2019-01-28 02:48:43
yzdjyj(fjtony163代发): 金币+50, 代发 2019-01-28 02:48:51
yzdjyj(fjtony163代发): 金币+50, 代发 2019-01-28 02:48:57
yzdjyj(fjtony163代发): 金币+50, 代发 2019-01-28 02:49:02
fjtony163: 翻译EPI+1, 代发 2019-01-28 02:49:07
|
水分和氮素是限制小麦农业生产的两个最重要因素，是小麦碳代谢和氮代谢中不可或缺的原料，在关键环节发挥了不可替代的作用，对小麦地上部分的生理生长影响复杂。干旱作为影响小麦生产最主要的非生物胁迫因素，严重抑制作物的光合作用，引起作物体内叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量和相关酶活性的改变，对相关基因的表达产生影响，从而抑制作物的最终产量。 Water and nitrogen are the two most important factors restricting the agricultural production of wheat. They are indispensable raw materials in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of wheat, play an irreplaceable role in key links and have a impact on the physiological growth of above ground parts of wheat. As the most important abiotic stress factor affecting wheat production, drought seriously inhibits the photosynthesis of crops, causes changes in chlorophyll, soluble sugar, soluble protein, free amino acid content and related enzyme activity in crops, thus affecting the expression of related genes and inhibiting the final yield of crops. 本实验结果表明，低氮下，干旱提高两种小麦抽穗期叶绿素含量，但与正常浇水相比差异不显著，而高氮处理后，二个品种的叶绿素含量显著增加。可见在干旱条件下，氮素起到维持叶绿素稳定的作用，因为氮能增加叶片的类胡萝卜素含量，而类胡萝卜素的作用就是猝灭叶片中不稳定的三线态叶绿素和对光合膜有潜在破坏作用的单线态氧（于显枫等，2008）,从而减轻干旱胁迫对叶绿素完整性的破坏,减小光合膜受损程度, 起到保护光合机构、维持光合效率的作用，这与前人研究结果一致（薛崧和吴小平，1997）。 The results of this research showed that under low nitrogen, drought increased chlorophyll content of the two kinds of wheat at heading stage, but there was no significant difference compared with normal watering; while the chlorophyll content of the two varieties increased significantly after high nitrogen treatment, which indicates that that nitrogen plays a role in maintaining chlorophyll stability under drought conditions. This is due to the fact that nitrogen can increase the content of carotenoids in the leaves, and the role of carotenoids is to quench the unstable trilinear chlorophyll in the leaves and the potentially destructive single-linear oxygen in the photosynthetic membrane (Yu Xianfeng et al., 2008), so as to alleviate the damage of drought stress on chlorophyll integrity, reduce the degree of photosynthetic membrane damage, and play a role in protecting photosynthetic institutions and maintaining photosynthetic efficiency, which is consistent with previous research results (Xue Song and Wu Xiaoping, 1997). 本研究结果还表明干旱提高两种小麦抽穗期叶片游离氨基酸含量，降低可溶性蛋白含量。但干旱对可溶性糖含量的影响与氮素水平有关，高氮显著增加两种小麦干旱下可溶性糖含量，并通过影响碳氮代谢途径提高小麦体内的可溶性蛋白和游离氨基酸含量，缓解干旱对碳氮代谢造成的不利影响。张殿忠（1988）在其研究中就提到过高氮营养水平可减缓缺水植物的氮代谢紊乱。另外，本实验还得出干旱提高两种小麦gs酶活的结论。 The results also showed that drought increased the content of free amino acids and decreased the content of soluble protein in the leaves of two kinds of wheat at heading stage. However, the effect of drought on soluble sugar content is related to nitrogen level. High nitrogen significantly increases soluble sugar content in two kinds of wheat under drought conditions, and improves soluble protein and free amino acid content in wheat through influencing carbon and nitrogen metabolism, thus alleviating the adverse effect of drought on carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Zhang Dianzhong (1988) mentioned in his research that high nitrogen nutrition level can slowed down the nitrogen metabolism disorder of water-deficit plants. In addition, this experiment also concluded that drought improved the activity of gs enzyme of two kinds of wheat. 植物体内95%以上的铵需要通过gs/gogat 循环得到同化，gs是氮代谢的关键酶。在干旱胁迫下，gs酶活的提高在一定程度上促进作物氮代谢水平的提高，从而维持植物自身生存需要，这是植物应对干旱做出的反应。氮是氮代谢中的关键元素，提高氮素浓度能显著提高氮代谢水平，而gs 是处于氮代谢中心的多功能酶，参与多种氮代谢的调节，其活性的高低可以反映氮素同化能力的强弱（王月福等，2003）。这也就解释了本实验中的另一个结论：高氮成倍地提高干旱下gs酶活，同时也证明了氮素能缓解严重干旱对氮代谢产生的不利影响。 More than 95% ammonium in plants needs to be assimilated through gs/gogat circulation, which is a key enzyme for nitrogen metabolism. Under drought stress, the improvement of gs enzyme activity promotes the improvement of nitrogen metabolism level of crops to a certain extent, so as to maintain the survival needs of plants, which is the response of plants to drought. Nitrogen is a key element in nitrogen metabolism, and increasing nitrogen concentration can significantly improve nitrogen metabolism. Gs, as a multi-functional enzyme at the center of nitrogen metabolism, is involved in the regulation of various nitrogen metabolism, of which the activity level can reflect the strength and weakness of nitrogen assimilation ability (Wang Yuefu et al., 2003). This explains another conclusion of this experiment that high nitrogen multiplies the activity of gs enzyme under drought, and also proves that nitrogen can alleviate the adverse effects of severe drought on nitrogen metabolism. 在本实验中，干旱对gdh、pepc酶活的影响与品种有关，s品种的gdh、pepc酶活在干旱胁迫下提高，而d的gdh酶活基本保持不变，pepc酶活降低。这可能由于d品种较耐旱，在干旱条件下他不需要像s一样，通过提高酶活性来增强自身的抗旱性。此外，高氮同样提高了干旱下二个小麦品种的gdh和pepc酶活，这都是代谢水平提高的表现。基因的表达受对多方面因素的影响，在本实验中，【****氮素对干旱下小麦碳氮代谢中相关酶基因表达的影响与有关***】。干旱降低gs1、gogat（除低氮下s）、gdh（除高氮下d）、pepc（除高氮下d）表达量，提高gs2、rubisco（除低氮下d）表达量；高氮降低干旱下gs1、gs2表达量，提高gogat（除干旱下s）、pepc（除正常浇水下d）、rubisco表达量。 In this experiment, the effect of drought on ghd and pepc enzyme activity was related to the variety of enzyme. gdh and pepc enzyme activities of s variety were increased under drought stress, while gdh enzyme activity of d variety remained basically unchanged and pepc enzyme activity of d variety was decreased. This is probably due to that the enzyme activities of d variety are drought-tolerant, which does not need to enhance its drought-resistance via improving enzyme activity, just as s variety does. In addition, high nitrogen also increased gdh and pepc enzyme activities of the two wheat varieties under drought conditions, which is also the manifestation of increased metabolic level. Gene expression is affected by many factors. In this experiment, [***the effect of nitrogen on gene expression of related enzymes in carbon and nitrogen metabolism of wheat under drought conditions was related to.....]. Drought reduced the expression levels of gs1, gogat (except for s variety under low nitrogen), GDH (except d variety under high nitrogen) and pepc (except d variety under high nitrogen), while increased the expression levels of gs2 and rubisco (except d variety under low nitrogen). High nitrogen decreased the expression levels of gs1 and gs2 under drought conditions, while increased the expression levels of gogat (except s variety under drought), pepc (except d variety under normal watering) and rubisco. 注意，最后一节中文有问题，中文已经用【***。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。***】，英文用[***...........................*****]标出，请注意 |
6楼2019-01-02 14:03:29
武汉一心一译
捐助贵宾 (著名写手)
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7楼2019-01-02 14:04:10
frozenfox7
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8楼2019-01-26 12:46:57
