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专业: 理论和计算化学

[交流] 开始学习shell已有5人参与

最近对shell产生了浓厚的兴趣想系统地学习一下，并在小木虫记录下自己的学习过程。
先记录些以前的总结
grep
grep '[[:lower:]]' filename #lower-alpha
grep '$ab$$cd$[def]*\2\1 #find ab then cd then [def] then cd than ab houxiangyinyong

sed
sed 's/Tolstoy/Camus/' filename       #just change the first one
sed 's/Tolstoy/Camus/g' filename    #change all
sed 's/Tolstoy/Camus/2' filename    #change the second one
sed -n '3,5p' filename                #print from line 3 to 5
sed '/xixi/,/haha/ s/baz/quux/g' filename #find lines containing xixi and haha
      #then replace baz with quux in these lines
sed '/used/! s/new/used/g' filename #find lines not containing used
sed '/^#/d' filename | sort > filename.sorted #find lines containg # at the beginning
#then delet

tail
tail -7 filename                      # print last 7 lines
tail -7 filename > 1                # print last 7 lines in 1

cut
cut -b 3 filename                   # print the third byte from each line
cut -d : -f 1 filename             # -d customized separator -f field

joint
joint file1 file2       # file1 and file2 should be in the same format
joint -a1 file1 file2                # show the difference in file1

awk
awk -F: '{print $1,$2}' filename    # F--field separator print field 1 and 2
awk -F: -v 'OFS=**' '{print $1,$2}' filename # v--variable OFS--output field sparator

sort
sort filename       # sort according to ASCII
sort -u filename       # sort according to ASCII and then delete repeated term
sort -r filename       # descending order
sort filename -o filename       # sort and then print in the same file
sort -n filename       # sort according to the number
sort -n -t : -k 2 filename       # -n sort according to the number -t consider colon as separator -k which row

uniq
sort latin-numbers | uniq       # no repeated lines
sort latin-numbers | uniq -c       # recorf repeated time
sort latin-numbers | uniq -d       # show the repeated term
sort latin-numbers | uniq -u       # show the non-repeated term

wc
wc -c       # calculate the number of bytes
wc -l       # calculate the number of lines
wc -w       # calculate the number of words

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