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1949stone

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[资源] Glycosylation

Glycosylation is a post-translational modification of proteins occurring through the
covalent attachment of glycans to the polypeptide chains during their maturation
events. Affecting more then 70% of the eukariotic proteins, glycosylation is one of the
most fascinating cellular processes in terms of its consequences upon the protein
function. Normally exposed at the protein surface, glycans may protect proteins from
denaturation or proteases attack securing their functional integrity in tissues or may
act as targets for various biological recognition events. In the absence of glycosylation,
some therapeutical recombinant proteins were reported to lose specificity of function.
A lot of effort has been made to discover the glycosylation signature in the DNA
sequence, to uncover the structural diversity of glycans in various organisms and to
understand the way this post-translational process may determine the fate of a
protein.
This book, outlining the concepts of glycobiology, is a suite of reviews and articles
written by a team of acknowledged researchers and covers some of the key topics in
the field.
The fundamentals of the N-glycosylation process occurring within the endoplasmic
reticulum, together with the role of bioinformatics in understanding the process, with
emphasis on the definition and role of the glycosylation sequon for glycoprotein
function are presented. The reader is further introduced to the NMR spectroscopy
described here as a tool for understanding glycobiology at a molecular level, but also
for medical application related to glycosylated biomarkers in disease. An important
chapter of the structural biology section deals with the most advanced methods
developed to produce highly homogenous glycoforms for crystalisation studies using
various expression systems.
The increasing interest in the cell biology of glycosylation is reflected in an interesting
approach regarding a role of glycosylation in the intracellular transport of amyloids
and the dynamics of amyloid formation. In the same section, we address the role of
glycosylation in modulating the functions of glycoproteins, in particular receptor
signaling and the sorting of proteoglycans in specialised cells.
Considering the growing knowledge in the multiple glycoforms discovered recently in
both eukariotes and prokariotes, several chapters dealing with the diversity of
glycosylation, as well as new functions of some toxins as glycosylating enzymes are
also included in this book.
A biomedical application of acquiring in depth knowledge of glycosylation principles
is the formulation of pharmaceutically active proteins. The glycosylation of
recombinant proteins and the generation of sialylated monoclonal antibodies with
specific therapeutic goals is presented in a dedicated section.
Covering a wide range of theoretical and practical issues in the field of glycobiology,
the Glycosylation book will be of immediate value for students, academics and
researchers involved in drug glycoengineering and biomedical research.
I would like to acknowledge and thank all authors for their contribution in writing the
book and Mr. Vedran Greblo and his team for their technical guidance.
Sefana Petrescu, Ph.D
Director of Institute of Biochemistry, Romanian Academy, Bucharest,
Romania

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