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[资源]
GRAPHITE DESIGN HANDBOOK 石墨设计手册
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GRAPHITE DESIGN HANDBOOK Issued By General Atomics P.O. Box 85608 San Diego, California 92138-5608 DOE CONTRACT DE-AC03-88SF17367 GA Project 6300 SEPTEMBER 1988 CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SYMBOLS. ACRONYMS. AND ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1. Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3. Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4. Organization of this Handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5. Definition of Symbols and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1. Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2. Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3. Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . NUCLEAR GRADE 2020 GRAPHITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. Description of Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3. Cylindrical Nuclear Grade 2020 Graphite . . . . . . . . 3.3.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.2. Physical and Chemical Properties . . . . . . . . 3.3.3. Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.4. Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.5. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Large Rectangular Nuclear Grade 2020 Graphite . . . . . . 3.4.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.2. Physical and Chemical Properties . . . . . . . . 3.4.3. Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.4. Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4.5. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . GRADE H-451 GRAPHITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1. Description of Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2. Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3. Physical and Chemical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.1. Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3.2. Transport and Reaction Rates . . . . . . . . . . 4.4. Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.1. Specific Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.2. Thermal Expansivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.3. Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4.4. Emissivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5. Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.1. Transversely Isotropic Linear Elastic Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.2. Stress-Strain Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.3. Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.4. Fracture Toughness and the Critical Defect Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5.5. Effect of Oxidation on Mechanical Properties . . 4-33 4.6. Neutron Irradiation Effects on Dimensions . . . . . . . 4-34 4.6.1. Irradiation-Induced Dimensional Change . . . . . 4-34 4.6.2. Irradiation-Induced Creep . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40 4.7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Figure Page 3.3-1. Specific heat of graphite as a function of 3.3-2. Design curves for change in room temperature thermal resistivity of 2020 graphite as a function of irradiation conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13 3.3-3. Design curves for change in elastic modulus of 2020 graphite as a function of irradiation conditions . . . . 3-17 3.3-4. Tensile stress-strain curve for 2020 graphite . . . . . . 3-19 3.3-5. Compressive stress-strain curve for 2020 graphite . . . . 3-20 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued) 3.3-6. Specified minimum b i a x i a l f a i l u r e surface for 2020 3.3-7. Design f a t i g u e diagram of nuclear grade 2020 graphite graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23 at 99% s u r v i v a l p r o b a b i l i t y with 95% confidence l e v e l . . 3-26 temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37 3.4-2. Design curves for change i n room temperature thermal r e s i s t i v i t y of 2020 graphite as a function of i r r a d i a t i o n conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41 3.4-1. Specific heat of graphite as a function of 3.4-3. Design curves for change i n elastic modulus of 2020 graphite as a function of i r r a d i a t i o n conditions . . . . 3-44 3.4-4. Tensile s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve for 2020 graphite . . . . . . 3-46 3.4-5. Comprehensive s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve f o r 2020 graphite . . . 3-47 3.4-6. Specified minimum b i a x i a l strength surface for 2020 graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-51 3.4-7. Design f a t i g u e diagram of nuclear grade 2020 graphite at 99% s u r v i v a l p r o b a b i l i t y with 95% confidence l e v e l . . 3-53 4.4-1. Specific heat of graphite as a function of temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9 4.4-2. Thermal expansion of H-451 graphite . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11 4.4-3. Change i n mean CTE of H-451 graphite as a function of i r r a d i a t i o n conditions (865 t o 1205 K ) , a x i a l and r a d i a l dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12 4.4-4. Change i n mean CTE of H-451 graphite as a function of i r r a d i a t i o n conditions (1250 t o 1705 K ) , a x i a l and radial directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13 4.4-5. Thermal conductivity of H-451 graphite as a function 4.5-1. Fractional change i n elastic modulus of H-451 graphite of neutron i r r a d i a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20 as a function of i r r a d i a t i o n conditions . . . . . . . . . 4-23 4.5.2a. Tensile s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve for H-451 graphite, a x i a l o r i e n t a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25 4.5.2b. Tensile s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve for H-451 graphite, r a d i a l o r i e n t a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26 4.5.3a. Compressive s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve for H-451 graphite, a x i a l o r i e n t a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27 4.5.3b. Compressive s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve for H-451 graphite, 4.5-4a. Tensile s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve for i r r a d i a t e d H-451 r a d i a l o r i e n t a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28 graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29 122P |
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