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[资源] GRAPHITE DESIGN HANDBOOK 石墨设计手册

GRAPHITE DESIGN HANDBOOK
Issued By
General Atomics
P.O. Box 85608
San Diego, California 92138-5608
DOE CONTRACT DE-AC03-88SF17367
GA Project 6300
SEPTEMBER 1988

CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
SYMBOLS. ACRONYMS. AND ABBREVIATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 . INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.1. Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2. Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3. Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.4. Organization of this Handbook . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.5. Definition of Symbols and Acronyms . . . . . . . . . . .
1.6. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.1. Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2. Quality Assurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.3. Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 . NUCLEAR GRADE 2020 GRAPHITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.1. Description of Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2. Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3. Cylindrical Nuclear Grade 2020 Graphite . . . . . . . .
3.3.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.2. Physical and Chemical Properties . . . . . . . .
3.3.3. Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.4. Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3.5. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Large Rectangular Nuclear Grade 2020 Graphite . . . . . .
3.4.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.2. Physical and Chemical Properties . . . . . . . .
3.4.3. Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.4. Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.4.5. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4 . GRADE H-451 GRAPHITE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.1. Description of Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.2. Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3. Physical and Chemical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.1. Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.3.2. Transport and Reaction Rates . . . . . . . . . .
4.4. Thermal Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.1. Specific Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.2. Thermal Expansivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.3. Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.4.4. Emissivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5. Mechanical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5.1. Transversely Isotropic Linear Elastic
Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5.2. Stress-Strain Curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5.3. Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5.4. Fracture Toughness and the Critical Defect
Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4.5.5. Effect of Oxidation on Mechanical Properties . . 4-33
4.6. Neutron Irradiation Effects on Dimensions . . . . . . . 4-34
4.6.1. Irradiation-Induced Dimensional Change . . . . . 4-34
4.6.2. Irradiation-Induced Creep . . . . . . . . . . . 4-40
4.7. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Figure Page
3.3-1. Specific heat of graphite as a function of
3.3-2. Design curves for change in room temperature thermal
resistivity of 2020 graphite as a function of
irradiation conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13
3.3-3. Design curves for change in elastic modulus of 2020
graphite as a function of irradiation conditions . . . . 3-17
3.3-4. Tensile stress-strain curve for 2020 graphite . . . . . . 3-19
3.3-5. Compressive stress-strain curve for 2020 graphite . . . . 3-20
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued)
3.3-6. Specified minimum b i a x i a l f a i l u r e surface for 2020
3.3-7. Design f a t i g u e diagram of nuclear grade 2020 graphite
graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-23
at 99% s u r v i v a l p r o b a b i l i t y with 95% confidence l e v e l . . 3-26
temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-37
3.4-2. Design curves for change i n room temperature thermal
r e s i s t i v i t y of 2020 graphite as a function of
i r r a d i a t i o n conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-41
3.4-1. Specific heat of graphite as a function of
3.4-3. Design curves for change i n elastic modulus of 2020
graphite as a function of i r r a d i a t i o n conditions . . . . 3-44
3.4-4. Tensile s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve for 2020 graphite . . . . . . 3-46
3.4-5. Comprehensive s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve f o r 2020 graphite . . . 3-47
3.4-6. Specified minimum b i a x i a l strength surface for
2020 graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-51
3.4-7. Design f a t i g u e diagram of nuclear grade 2020 graphite
at 99% s u r v i v a l p r o b a b i l i t y with 95% confidence l e v e l . . 3-53
4.4-1. Specific heat of graphite as a function of
temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9
4.4-2. Thermal expansion of H-451 graphite . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11
4.4-3. Change i n mean CTE of H-451 graphite as a function of
i r r a d i a t i o n conditions (865 t o 1205 K ) , a x i a l and
r a d i a l dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-12
4.4-4. Change i n mean CTE of H-451 graphite as a function of
i r r a d i a t i o n conditions (1250 t o 1705 K ) , a x i a l and
radial directions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
4.4-5. Thermal conductivity of H-451 graphite as a function
4.5-1. Fractional change i n elastic modulus of H-451 graphite
of neutron i r r a d i a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-20
as a function of i r r a d i a t i o n conditions . . . . . . . . . 4-23
4.5.2a. Tensile s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve for H-451 graphite, a x i a l
o r i e n t a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25
4.5.2b. Tensile s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve for H-451 graphite, r a d i a l
o r i e n t a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26
4.5.3a. Compressive s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve for H-451 graphite,
a x i a l o r i e n t a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27
4.5.3b. Compressive s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve for H-451 graphite,
4.5-4a. Tensile s t r e s s - s t r a i n curve for i r r a d i a t e d H-451
r a d i a l o r i e n t a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28
graphite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29
122P

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