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wyying兑换贵宾
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英翻中润色2
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Impact of oxidative stress during pregnancy on fetal epigenetic patterns and early origin of vascular diseases Epidemiological studies have led scientists to postulate the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and obesity. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the development of these diseases are not well understood. In various animal models, it has been observed that oxidative stress during pregnancy is associated with the early development of endothelial dysfunction in offspring. This phenomenon suggests that endothelial dysfunction may initiate in the uterus and could lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Currently, it is known that many of the fetal adaptive responses to environmental factors are mediated by epigenetic changes in the genome, especially by the degree of methylation in cytosines in the promoter regions of genes. These findings suggest that the establishment of a particular epigenetic pattern in the genome may be generated by oxidative stress. KEYWORDS: oxidative stress; epigenetics; pregnancy; endothelial dysfunction; cardiovascular diseases; fetal programming. 孕期氧化应激对胎儿表观遗传模式和血管疾病早期起源的影响 摘要 通过流行病学研究，科学家们提出了非传染性疾病的健康和疾病的发育起源假设，如糖尿病、心血管疾病、高血压和肥胖。然而，对发生这些疾病的细胞分子作用机制还未充分了解。多种动物模型已经观察到孕期氧化应激与子代内皮功能障碍的早期发展存在相关。这表明内皮功能障碍可能在子宫内形成，并增加生命后期患心血管疾病的风险。目前广泛认可的是胎儿对环境因素的适应性反应由表观遗传基因组的变化引起的，特别是基因启动区的胞核嘧啶甲基化程度。这些研究表明基因组中特定的表观遗传模式可能由氧化应激导致。 关键词：氧化应激; 表观遗传学; 怀孕; 内皮功能障碍; 心血管疾病; 胎儿程序化。 Protective role of dairy and its constituents on vascular function independent of blood pressure–lowering activities Abstract Greater intakes of dairy are frequently associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. These observational studies have served as the basis for controlled interventions aimed at defining the cardioprotective mechanisms of dairy. Understanding these relationships is of public health importance because most of the US population fails to meet dietary recommendations for dairy, suggesting that many individuals could lower their cardiovascular disease risk by relatively simple dietary modification. Clinical studies investigating the acute ingestion of dairy or its constituents, including short-term (≤2 week) supplementation studies or those assessing postprandial responses, have largely shown benefits on vascular function without concomitant improvements in blood pressure. Chronic interventions have been less conclusive, with some showing benefits and others indicating a lack of improvement in vascular function regardless of blood pressure changes. Vasoprotective activities of dairy are likely mediated through improvements in nitric oxide bioavailability, oxidative stress, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Future controlled studies are needed to determine if these health benefits are mediated directly by dairy or indirectly by displacing other dietary components that otherwise impair vascular health. KEYWORDS: cardiovascular disease; dairy; low-fat dairy; nitric oxide; vascular function; whey protein. 乳制品及其成分对血管功能的保护作用独立于降血压 摘要 摄入较多的乳制品通常可以降低患心血管疾病的风险。这些观察性研究已成为确定乳制品保护心血管机制的对照干预的依据。因为绝大多数美国人未能达到乳制品的每日推荐量，了解这些关联对公共卫健康非常重要，很多个体可以通过简单的膳食结构改变来降低心血管疾病的风险。探讨快速摄入乳制品或其成分的临床研究，包括短期（≤2周内）补充研究或评价餐后反应的研究，主要表现为血管功能的益处并不伴有血压的改善。慢性干预目前还缺乏证据，部分确定有益，但其他研究表明尽管有血压改变但没有改善血管功能。乳制品的血管保护功能可能是通过改善一氧化氮的生物利用度、氧化应激、炎症反应和胰岛素抵抗来调节的。未来亟需研究健康益处是乳制品直接调节还是间接替代其他可能会损害血管健康的膳食成分来实现。 关键词：心血管疾病; 乳制品; 低脂乳制品; 一氧化氮; 血管功能; 乳清蛋白。 |
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iamliyang91
主管区长
- 翻译EPI: 3
- 应助: 0 (幼儿园)
- 金币: 2487.1
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- 帖子: 285
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【答案】应助回帖
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wyying: 金币+3, 翻译EPI+1, ★★★很有帮助 2015-05-26 00:48:08
wyying(RXMCDM代发): 金币+3 2015-06-08 08:45:24
wyying: 金币+3, 翻译EPI+1, ★★★很有帮助 2015-05-26 00:48:08
wyying(RXMCDM代发): 金币+3 2015-06-08 08:45:24
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1.然而，对发生这些疾病的细胞分子作用机制还未充分了解。 改为：对这些疾病的细胞分子水平的机制还不清楚。 2.多种动物模型已经观察到孕期氧化应激与子代内皮功能障碍的早期发展存在相关。 改为：已在各种动物模型中观察到，孕期氧化应激与子代内皮功能障碍的早期发展有关。 3.这表明内皮功能障碍可能在子宫内形成，并增加生命后期患心血管疾病的风险。 改为：这表明内皮功能障碍可能在子宫内形成，并且导致以后患心血管疾病的风险增加。 4.未来亟需研究健康益处是乳制品直接调节还是间接替代其他可能会损害血管健康的膳食成分来实现。 改为：未来亟需研究这些改善健康的效果是由乳制品直接介导还是间接替代其他可能会损害血管健康的膳食成分来实现。 |
2楼2015-05-10 20:49:29
