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【分享】食品安全方面的一些 annual review【已搜无重复】
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分享一些食品安全相关的 annual review ，谢谢~！ Abstract Annual Review of Nutrition Vol. 17: 255-275 (Volume publication date July 1997) (doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.17.1.255) EMERGING ISSUES IN MICROBIOLOGICAL FOOD SAFETY J. Meng The Center for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement and the Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; e-mail: JM332@umail.umd.edu M. P. Doyle The Center for Food Safety and Quality Enhancement and the Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, Georgia 30223-1797; e-mail: MDoyle@cfsqe.griffin.peachnet.edu ▪ Abstract Many microorganisms previously unrecognized as food-borne or harmful are emerging as human pathogens transmitted by food. This is a result of recent acquisition of key virulence factors, detection by newly developed isolation procedures, or astute detective-like laboratory skills of microbiologists. Six microbial pathogens, including Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Arcobacter butzleri, Helicobacter pylori, Cryptosporidium parvum, and Cyclospora, have become recognized as significant causes of human illness. Although the ecology and epidemiology of illness caused by some of these pathogens have not been fully elucidated, food has the potential of being an important vehicle in their dissemination. Existing technologies and new approaches such as irradiation and hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) programs are useful tools in the control of food-borne hazards. However, because of ever-changing products, processes, food-handling practices, societal habits, and pathogens, emerging food-borne diseases will continue to be an important public health concern. Acronyms Terms |
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ECONOMIC, ECOLOGICAL, FOOD SAFETY, AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEPLOYMENT OF BT TRANSGENIC PLANTS A. M. Shelton,1 J.-Z. Zhao,1 and R. T. Roush2 1Department of Entomology, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, New York 14456; e-mail: ams5@cornell.edu jz49@cornell.edu 2Department of Crop Protection, Waite Institute, South Australia, 5064, Australia; rick.roush@adelaide.edu.au ▪ Abstract Transgenic plants expressing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), are revolutionizing agriculture. Bt, which had limited use as a foliar insecticide, has become a major insecticide because genes that produce Bt toxins have been engineered into major crops grown on 11.4 million ha worldwide in 2000. Based on the data collected to date, generally these crops have shown positive economic benefits to growers and reduced the use of other insecticides. The potential ecological and human health consequences of Bt plants, including effects on nontarget organisms, food safety, and the development of resistant insect populations, are being compared for Bt plants and alternative insect management strategies. Scientists do not have full knowledge of the risks and benefits of any insect management strategies. Bt plants were deployed with the expectation that the risks would be lower than current or alternative technologies and that the benefits would be greater. Based on the data to date, these expectations seem valid. Acronyms Terms |
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Annual Review of Pharmacology Vol. 7: 357-380 (Volume publication date April 1967) (doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.07.040167.002041) Toxicological Safety of Irradiated Foods H F Kraybill, and L A Whitehair In lieu of an abstract, this is the article's first page. See the link to the full PDF below. |
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Annual Review of Public Health Vol. 18: 313-340 (Volume publication date May 1997) (doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.18.1.313) FOOD SAFETY REGULATION:Reforming the Delaney Clause Richard A. Merrill University of Virginia School of Law, 580 Massie Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-1789; e-mail, rmerrill@law.virginia.edu ▪ Abstract The safety of food has been an age-old concern. Early civilizations adopted laws that punished sellers of tainted food. In this country, before food safety became a responsibility of the federal government every state had enacted laws prohibiting the sale of food that contained poisonous substances. The modern scientific and legal instruments available to the US Food and Drug Administration and allied agencies have improved regulation and advances in food preparation, preservation, and storage have contributed to a safer food supply. Even so, some observers believe that contemporary threats to food safety have grown more serious, and they surely excite intense public concern. For nearly two decades Congress has been debating the adequacy of current laws governing food safety. In the closing months of the 104th Congress, both parties finally agreed on the first significant legislative change in over a generation. This chapter examines the origins of the issues that were the focus of this extended debate and analyzes the implications of their resolution. Acronyms Terms |
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Annual Review of Microbiology Vol. 54: 81-127 (Volume publication date October 2000) (doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.81) MICROBIOLOGICAL SAFETY OF DRINKING WATER U. Szewzyk1 R. Szewzyk2 W. Manz1 and K.-H. Schleifer3 1Technical University Berlin, Microbial Ecology Group, Secr. OE 5, Berlin, 10587 Germany; e-mail: szewzyk@compuserve.com ; 2Federal Environmental Agency, Berlin, 14191 Germany; e-mail: regine.szewzyk@uba.de ; and 3Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, 85350 Germany; e-mail: schleife@mikro.biologie.tu-muenchen.de ▪ Abstract Emerging pathogens in drinking water have become increasingly important during the decade. These include newly-recognized pathogens from fecal sources such as Cryptosporidium parvum, Campylobacter spp., and rotavirus, as well as pathogens that are able to grow in water distribution systems, like Legionella spp., mycobacteria, and aeromonads. To perform a risk analysis for the pathogens in drinking water, it is necessary to understand the ecology of these organisms. The ecology of the drinking-water distribution system has to be evaluated in detail, especially the diversity and physiological properties of water bacteria. The interactions between water bacteria and (potential) pathogens in such diverse habitats as free water and biofilms are essential for the survival or growth of hygienically relevant organisms in drinking water. Results of epidemiological studies together with ecological data are the basis for effective resource protection, water treatment, and risk assessment. Acronyms Terms |
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