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2.2. Synthesis of graphite oxide
Graphite oxide was synthesized through a modified Hummers method [30] from nature graphite flake. 2 g of graphite and 1 g of NaNO3 were dissolved in 46 mL of concentrated H2SO4 under an ice bath. After about 15 min of stirring, 6 g of KMnO4 was gradually added into the suspension with stirring as slowly as possible in
order to control the reaction temperature below 20 ◦C. The suspension was stirred for 2 h, and then maintained at 35 ◦C for 30 min. 92 mL of deionized water was slowly poured into the suspension,resulting in a quick increase in temperature, and the temperature should be controlled lower than 98 ◦C. After 15 min, the suspension was then further diluted to approximately 280 mL with warm deionized water. 20 mL of 30% H2O2 was added for the purpose of removing the residual KMnO4 and MnO2 to change the color into luminous yellow. Then, the suspension was filtered and washed with warm 5% HCl aqueous solution and deionized water, respectively, until no sulfates were detected and the pH of the filtrate was adjusted to 7. The sample of graphite oxide was dried under vacuum at 50 ◦C to a constant weight, and then milled to an ideal particle size.

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