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linhamama

铁虫 (初入文坛)

应助: 0 (幼儿园)
帖子: 37
在线: 21.4小时
虫号: 478808
注册: 2007-12-14

[交流] 近年与凝聚态有关的诺贝尔奖

2003 Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg, Anthony J. Leggett
　　　 For pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids
            对超导体和超流体理论的先驱性贡献
2001 Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, Carl E. Wieman
　　　 For the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental
            studies of the properties of the condensates
            碱性原子稀薄气体的玻色－－爱因斯坦凝聚态　和　凝聚态物质性质早期基础性研究
2000 Zhores I. Alferov, Herbert Kroemer, Jack S. Kilby
            For basic work on information and communication technology
            For developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics
            For his part in the invention of the integrated circuit
　          发明快速晶体管、激光二极管和集成电路
2000 Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, Hideki Shirakawa Chemistry Prize
            For the discovery and development of conductive polymers
            导电聚合物的发现和发展
1998 Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Störmer, Daniel C. Tsui
            For their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations
            发现并解释了电子在强磁场中相互作用而形成一种新粒子,称为准粒子
1998 Walter Kohn, John A. Pople Chemistry Prize
            for his development of the density-functional theory
            for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry
            提出的密度泛函理论对化学作出了巨大的贡献
            波函数方法
1996 David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, Robert C. Richardson
            for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3
            发现氦-3中的超流动性
1994 Bertram N. Brockhouse, Clifford G. Shull
            for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of
               condensed matter
            中子谱学和中子衍射技术
1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
            for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be
               generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers
            把研究简单系统中有序现象的方法推广到更复杂的物理态,特别是液晶和聚合物
1987 J. Georg Bednorz, K. Alex Müller
            for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials
            高温超导电性
1986 Ernst Ruska, Gerd Binnig, Heinrich Rohrer
            for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope
            for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope
            在电光学领域作了基础性工作,并设计了第一架电子显微镜
            设计出了扫描隧道显微镜
1985 Klaus von Klitzing
            for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect
            发现量子霍尔效应
1982 Kenneth G. Wilson
            for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions
　　　　表彰他对与相变有关的临界现象所作的理论贡献
1978 Pyotr Kapitsa, Arno Penzias, Robert Woodrow Wilson
            for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics
            for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation
            表彰他在低温物理学领域的基本发明和发现
            表彰他们发现了宇宙背景微波辐射
1977 Philip W. Anderson, Sir Nevill F. Mott, John H. van Vleck
            for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered
               systems
            表彰他们对磁性和无序系统的电子结构所作的基础理论研究
1973 Leo Esaki, Ivar Giaever, Brian D. Josephson
            for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and
               superconductors, respectively
            for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular
               those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects
            表彰他们分别在有关半导体和超导体中德隧道现象的实验发现
            表彰他对穿过隧道壁垒的超导电流所作的理论预言，特别是关于普遍称为约瑟夫森效应的那些现象
1972 John Bardeen, Leon N. Cooper, Robert Schrieffer
            for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory
            表彰他们合作发展了通常称为BCS理论的超导电性理论
1970 Hannes Alfvén, Louis Néel
            for fundamental work and discoveries in magneto-hydrodynamics with fruitful applications in different
               parts of plasma physics
            for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have
               led  to important applications in solid state physics
            表彰他对磁流体动力学的基础工作和发现，及其在等离子体不同部分卓有成效的应用
            表彰他对反铁磁性和铁氧体磁性所作的基础研究和发现
1962 Lev Landau
            for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium
            表彰他作出了凝聚态特别是液氦的先驱性理论
1961 Robert Hofstadter, Rudolf Mössbauer
            for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved
               discoveries  concerning the stucture of the nucleons
            for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this
               connection of the effect which bears his name
            表彰他在电子受原子核散射的先驱性研究及由此获得的核子结构的发现
            研究g辐射的共振吸收并发现了以他的名字命名的穆思堡尔效应
1956 William B. Shockley, John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain
            for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect
            表彰他们对半导体的研究和晶体管效应的发现

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